NMET97阅读理解评析及解题技巧
时间:2022-06-05 07:39:00
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NMET阅读理解试题是对考生综合运用语言能力的考查,它侧重考查考生准确理解语言信息和综合处理语言信息的能力。所选文章信息量大,体裁广泛,题材新颖,且试题占分比例最大,分值最高。因此,阅读理解答题的好坏直接影响试卷的得分。考生怎样才能在较短的时间内准确理解语言信息,推断一些隐含意义呢?笔者认为,掌握正确的阅读方法是阅读的关键。
一、通读全文,掌握大意(mainidea)
有些考生拿起文章便读,甚至逐字逐句翻译,结果读了很长时间却不知道作者写了什么,且不断地复视,唯恐遗忘,这种读法耗时长,效率低。事实上,当我们在答阅读理解试题时,应该先通读试题(不包括选项),弄清考查点,做到心中有数,然后有针对性地通览全文,从整体上掌握大意,这是快速阅读中非常重要的一步。在通览时,我们应该学会找出中心句(topicsentence),它是用来阐述文章主题,说明作者观点的句子,中心句多数位于段首或段尾,有时也位于文中。因此,在阅读时应注意文章的两头。找到了中心句,也就基本上理解了文章的大意,以此为线索,采用掠读或扫读的方法,迅速找出能够支持中心句的关键词、句,在脑海中形成文章的框架,然后根据试题,进行部分细节阅读,这种阅读速度便会大大加快。例如nmet97阅读理解B篇短文如下:
Inthe1930s,alotofpeopleintheUSAwereoutofwork.Amongthesepeoplewasamannamed
AlfredButts.Healwayshadaninterestinwordgamesandso,tofillhistime,heplanned
agamewhichhecalled''''Lexico''''.However,hewasnotcompletelysatisfiedwiththegame,sohe
madeanumberofchangestoitand,intime,changeditsnamefrom''''Lexico''''to''''Alph''''andthento''''CrissCross''''.Hewantedtomakesomemoneyfromhisnewgamebuthedidn''''thaveanyrealcommercial(商业性的)success.
In1939,ButtshappenedtomeetamancalledJimBrunotwhoshowedaninterestinthenew
game.Thetwomenworkedtogetherondevelopingthegameandin1948itwasofferedforsaleintheUnitedStatesunderitsnewname——''''Scrabble''''.
Atfirst,itdidn''''tsellverywell.Inthefirstyearitsoldjust2,250setsandby1951ithadonlyreached8,500setsayear.
Then,in1952themanagerofMacy''''sdepartmentstoreinNewYork.JackStrauss,happenedto
play''''Scrabble''''whilehewasonholiday,hethoughtitwasawonderfulgameand,whenhewentbacktoworkafterhisholiday,heinsistedtheMacy''''sshouldstock(储备)thegameandmake
aneffort(努力)tocallthepublic''''sattentiontoit.
Asaresult,''''Scrabble''''becameabigsuccessintheUnitedStatesanditsoonspreadtoAustraliaandthentootherEnglish-speakingcountries.
1.Thetextismainlyabout__________.
A.''''Lexico''''B.threemen
C.awordgameD.AlfredButts
2.AlfredButtsinventedthegame''''Lexico''''________.
A.tomakehimselffamous
B.tomakespellingsimpler
C.whenhewasoutofworkandlookingforajob
D.whenhewasplayingwordgamestopassthetime
3.Whomade''''Scrabble''''pouplar?
A.AlfredButts.
B.JackStrauss.
C.AlfredButtsandJimBrunot.
D.JackStraussandJimBrunot.
4.WhendidAlfredButtsfirstputhisgameonthemarket?
A.In1939.B.In1948.
C.Before1939.D.Between1939and1948.
四个题目均属于情节推理题,浏览完毕,读者脑海中形成以下轮廓。
(1)outofwork—AlfredButts—interestedinwordgames
(2)after1939—developthegame—forsale
(3)notsellwellby1951
(4)in1952—JackStrauss—callpublic''''sattention—becameabigsuccess
文章属记叙文体,叙述了文字游戏一“Scrabble”的起源发展及成功的历史,作者以时间为顺序,思路清楚,考生若能掌握以上大意,结合试题,不仅解题速度提高了,而且准确率也大大提高。
Key:1.C2.D3.B4.C
二、仔细推敲,理解作者的写作意图
在阅读理解试题中,我们常常会遇到这样的一些题目,如:“Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?”“What''''stheimpliedmeaningoftheunderlinedword?”“Whatdoyouthinkof...?”这些问题均属于深层理解,它们的答案不是在文章的原句中可以找到的。因此,我们必须根据已知的内容仔细推敲文章中相关的词、句及段落之间的逻辑关系,找出能支持作者观点的关键词并注意一些词在特殊语言环境下的特殊意义,然后推断出文段中未直接写出的含义,理解作者的写作意图,得出正确的结论。
例如:’97NMET阅读理解E篇
Americaisgrowingolder.Fiftyyearsago,only4outofevery100peopleintheUnitedStateswere65orolder.Today,10outofevery100Americansareover65.TheagingofthepopulationwillaffectAmericansocietyinmanyways—education,medicine,andbusiness.Quietly,thegrayingofAmericahasmadeusaverydifferentsociety—oneinwhichpeoplehaveaquitedifferentideaofwhatkindofbehaviorissuitableatvariousages.
Aperson''''sagenolongertellsyouanythingabouthis/hersocialposition,marriageor
health.There''''snolongeraparticularyearinwhichonegoestoschoolorgoestoworkorgets
marriedorstartsafamily.Thesocialclockthatkeptusontimeandtolduswhentogotoschool,getajob,orstopworkingisn''''tasstrongasitusedtobe.Itdoesn''''tsurpriseustohearof
a29-year-olduniversitypresidentora35-year-oldgrandmother,ora70-year-oldmanwhohasbecomeafatherforthefirsttime.Publicideasarechanging.
Manypeoplesay,''''Iammuchyoungerthanmymother—ormyfather—wasatmyage.''''Noonesays''''Actyourage''''anymore.We''''vestoppedlookingwithsurpriseatolderpeoplewhoactinyouthfulways.
1.ItcanbelearntfromthetextthattheagingofthepopulationinAmerica________.
A.hasmadepeoplefeelyounger
B.haschangedpeople''''ssocialposition
C.haschangedpeople''''sunderstandingofage
D.hassloweddownthecountry''''ssocialdevelopment
2.Theunderlinedword''''one''''refersto________.
A.asocietyB.America
C.aplaceD.population
3."Actyourage"meanspeopleshould________.
A.beactivewhentheyareold
B.dotherightthingattherightage
C.showrespectfortheirparentsyoungorold
D.takemorephysicalexercisesuitabletotheirage
4.Ifa25-year-oldmanbecomesgeneralmanagerofabigfirm,thewriterofthetextwouldmostprobablyconsiderit_______.
A.normalB.wonderful
C.unbelievableD.unreasonable
这是一篇以美国社会为素材的文章,作者意在突出美国人年龄观念的改变这一主题。四道试题均属于深层理解,只要我们循着作者的思路,问题就会迎刃而解,作者第一段摆出事实“Americaisgrowingolder”,
然后提出这种年龄的变化“willaffectAmericansocietyinmanyways”—在第一段的最后提出了作者的观点,也就是文章的中心句oneinwhichpeoplehaveaquitedifferentideaofwhatkindofbehaviorissuitableatvariousages.第二、第三段作者给出了一些例子,从两个方面即“publicideasarechanging”,“Noonesays‘Actyourage’anymore”进一步证明中心句,作者在字里行间将自己观点表现得淋漓尽致。
Key:1.C2.A3.B4.A
在阅读中只要我们能够循着一些由关键词、句组成的文脉开掘,就不难识其主旨,理解隐深含义。
三、注意体裁,选择不同的阅读方法
阅读理解题材多样,有日常生活、社会文化、人物、史地、政治、科技、经济等等,体裁不一,有记叙文、应用文、说明文、议论文及新闻报道,考场上考生不仅知识面要广,阅读理解能力要强,还必须根据文章的体裁选择不同的阅读方法,争取最快的阅读速度。
例如:记叙文是用来叙述的一种文体,读者应该把握文章的主要线索、时空顺序及人物之间的相互关系;议论文是用来表达作者观点的一种文体,我们应该找出论点及论据,理解作者的写作态度;应用文是一种实用性与交际性很强的文体,我们应该采用对比阅读法,将题干与文章结合在一起阅读;对于新闻报道我们应该弄清新闻事件的内容及日期、起因、经过、涉及人物及具体数字、结果及作者的态度。根据篇章结构采用不同的阅读方法,阅读理解就会轻松得多。例如NMET97阅读理解A篇:
JINTAN,JLANGSU:The20students—18boysand2girls—hadathousandreasonstobeproudof
themselves.Theyhadjustchimbedtheirwaytothetoprung(阶梯)outof4millionstudentstakingpartintheFifthNationalHuaLuogengGoldCupMathematicsContestonTuesdayevening.
The20goldmedalwinnersareallprimaryandmiddleschoolstudentsundertheageof14.
''''Manyoftheproblemsareofcollegelevelandthesepupilscanfigurethemout.Itisjustunbelievable!''''saidateacherfromGuangdongProvince.
NamedafterChina''''smostfamousmathematician,HuaLuogeng,theconteststartedin1986,oneyearafterhisdeath.Inlessthan10years,ithasbeenrecognisedbytheStateEducationCommissionasthecountry''''sbiggestandbestcontestofitskind.
1.Thisnewsstoryismainlyabout________.
A.whentheconteststarted
B.howthecontestgotitsname
C.the20pupilswhohavewongoldmedalsinthecontest
D.the5thNationalHuaLuogengGoldCupMathematicsContest
2.Thisnewsstorymostprobablyappearedinanewspaperin__________.
A.1986B.1987C.1995D.1997
3.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheteacherfromGuangdongProvince_________.
A.feltproudofthegoldmedalwinners
B.wonderedifthestudentswerehonest
C.thoughtthattheproblemsweretoodifficultforthestudents
D.believedthatthetwentywinnerscouldgotostudyatuniversity
4.Theunderlinedphrase''''figureout''''inthetextmeans______.
A.workoutB.addup
C.guessD.study
这是一篇关于第五届华罗庚金杯数学竞赛的报道,试题涉及新闻本身内容及出版日期,说话者的态度及词义猜测,文章开始报道20名中、小学生名列前茅,然后借一教师之口,写出试卷难度及说话者对中学生的敬佩之情,最后一段报道华赛的起源、发展,意在突出新闻的内容是比赛,而不是20个学生获奖。
所以,答案非常清楚:1.D2.C3.A4.A。
以上只是笔者浅陋之见,希望对高三备考的学生有所帮助。