阅读理解范文

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阅读理解

篇1

【关键词】阅读理解题型 解题技巧

【中图分类号】G633.4 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】2095-3089(2014)02-0096-02

阅读在英语学习中作用重大,高中英语教学的主要目的之一就是侧重培养学生的阅读能力,阅读理解能力测试在高考试题所占分值最大,区分度明显。新课标指出阅读教学的主要目的是培养阅读策略,尤其强调在阅读过程中培养学生获取信息和处理信息的能力。因此,了解阅读理解题型,掌握解题技巧,探析解题规律,对于快速提高阅读速度和阅读准确率起着举足轻重的作用。本文根据阅读理解测试题常见的四种题型,即主旨大意题,细节理解题,推理判断题,猜测词义题,从四个方面探析解题策略,以求在阅读文章的基础上,根据文后设置问题的类型,去粗取精,去伪存真,由表及里,由此及彼,分析信息,处理问题,在有限的阅读时间内提高阅读效率和准确率。

一、去粗取精抓主旨

主旨大意题要求掌握所读文章的主旨和大意,包括基本论点、文章标题、主题、文章大意或段落大意等,要求在理解全文基础上对文章进行高度概括和总结。常见的测试题干如下:

1.主题类

The main idea of the passage is ____.

What is the topic of the passage?

Which of the following best summarizes the passage?

The central idea of the paragraph is that ____.

2.标题类

Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

The best title for the passage would be ____.

主题的确定

主题是文章的核心,确定文章的主题,找准文章的主题句是关键,“主题句定位法”是行之有效的一种方法。主题句常出现在文首,开门见山,提出主题,随之用细节说明或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式。但归纳法写作方法也常出现英语文章中,即在表述细节或论据后。总结归纳要点、结论、建议或结果,以概括主题。文章主题也可能隐含于全文之中,需要把所有细节综合起来,概括归纳出主题。

标题的选择

如果把主题比喻为文章的灵魂,标题就是文章的眼睛,通过这双眼睛可以透视文章的灵魂。给文章确定一个恰当的标题,首先要在通读全文的基础上,把握文章大意和作者写作意图。不能把某一段落大意误作全文大意,以偏概全;更不可将某一具体细节或某一个句子当作文章主题,断章取义。标题的选择应做到既有概括性又要有针对性,还要简洁醒目。

二、去伪存真找细节

在确定文章主题之后,通常要通过事实细节或论据对主题进行解释和说明。因此有许多题干是根据文章细节而设计的。常见题干形式有:

According to the passage, who/what/which/when/where/why/how much/how long/how soon…

What is mentioned in the passage?

Which of the following statements is true( false)?

细节题有可能是直接理解题,如事情的起因、过程、结果及时间、地点等。但多数情况下是间接理解题,要求读者通过自己的思维将理解的内容系统化、条理化。无论是可以在原文直接找到答案的直接理解题还是需要将题干信息与原文相关信息进行语意转换的间接理解题,往往可以应用寻读法,带着文章中的关键词或标识语到文章中去“顺藤摸瓜”,“藤”就是与题干意思相关的句子或段落,“瓜”就是与正确选项相吻合的信息。带着问题到“瓜田”(文章)中寻找某一信息(日期、数字、地点、专有名词、原因和结果等)。题干中的标识词是快速寻找答题依据的“路标”。例如:The author?蒺s attitude toward “most economists in the United States” can best be described as ____.先在原文中找到引号标识词“most economists in the United States”,便能快速找出答案。

三、由表及里来推断

英语阅读中,有时作者未将意图直言不讳的表达出来,而是要求读者根据字面意思,通过全篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度和文章的寓意,这就是推理判断题,常见提问方式有:

It can be inferred /concluded from the passage that ____.

What does the author probably mean by “____”?

The passage following this one would most probably discuss ____.

推理判断是一种创造性的思维活动,要在阅读理解全文的基础之上,掌握文章的真正内涵,具体要注意以下几点:1.要对文章的表面信息整理加工,由表及里,由浅入深,从具体到抽象,从特殊到一般,通过分析、综合、推理、判断进行符合逻辑的推断。不能就事论事,断章取义,以偏概全。2.要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据,立足已知,推断未知;立足表层意义,推断深层含义。不可主观臆断,随意揣测,更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。3.了解语篇的结构,把握句子、段落之间的逻辑关系,判断逻辑发展的方向。可以利用如下过渡性关联词语进行逻辑分析:

递进关系:and,also,too.as well,besides,in addition,furthermore,moreover,what?蒺s more

转折关系:but,yet,however,instead,while,on the one hand…on the other hand…,in contrast,on the contrary

因果关系:because,as ,since,now that,for,so,thus,therefore,as a result,consequently

总结关系:in conclusion,in short,in brief,in general,on the whole,as has been stated

四、由此及彼猜词义

词义猜测题就是根据文章内容和所学知识推测词义,猜测词义是英语阅读的重要技巧。常用提问方式有:

What do you think the expression “____” stand for?

The word“____” refers to/probably means/could best be replaced by ____.

Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “____”?

在阅读过程中遇到生词、新短语或熟词新意,可以通过文章出现的同义词、近义词、反义词、关联词,结合构词法以及语法和文脉结构,由此及彼猜测词义。下面试举几例说明如何根据已知信息猜测词义:

1.依据定义猜测词义。In slang the term “jam” constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation.从上下文可知jam就是定语从句中的“a difficult situation”。

根据因果关系猜测词义。在句子或段落中,如果两个事物之间构成因果关系,可以根据这种逻辑关系推知生词词义。例如:Tom is considered as an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.根据原因状语从句内容“他不征询别人意见而作出决定”可推测autocratic指“独断专行,自以为是”。

2.根据对比关系猜测词义。在句子或段落中,如果两个事物之间构成对比性的描述,可以根据反义词猜测生词词义,例如:

篇2

一、读

读又分“读材料”和“读要求”。

1、“读材料”,就是阅读试卷上的文字材料,粗读全文内容,了解文章主题、基本大意、层次和段落之后,应记住文章的要点,重要的结论以及一些关键性的人名、地点、定义和数字,以便查找。再则要重点理解文章的体裁是记叙文还是说明文。总之,文章的每一段、每句话,归根到底都是为阐明中心服务的,都归向文章的主旨。因此要求学生学会为文章标段,归纳每段意思,归纳中心思想。在读的过程中,学生既可用采用“顺读法”,就是先读短文后读题目,然后再读短文,寻找正确答案。也可采用“倒读法”,就是先读题目,后读短文,最后寻找答案。我认为“倒读法”较好,因为这种阅读方法是带着问题阅读,目的明确,容易集中,能及时抓住文中与解题关系密切的信息,从而节省了阅读 时间。“倒读法"对表层理解的题目(提问时间、地点、原因等)效果最好,对深层理解的题目,要从短文的整体内容出发,进行概括和总结,分析所提供选项,作出准确的判断。

2、“读要求”,要求学生再审视语文阅读理解所要求回答的问题要求,读一遍要像对待数学试题中的数字一样,认真看清每一个字、词、句、甚至每一个标点,题目的要求,分析问题的提问要点,关键的关键字、词或句子也要让学生用笔圈下来,作为扣题作答的要点,也是学生回答问题的可能的得分点,才好机智从容答题。第二遍读文章要求考生带着问题细读全文。要完全弄清下几点:一要认准关键词句,把握其基本意义,认清它们在句子中的具体含义,根据上下文琢磨它们的升华意义,学生特别是要学会在阅读文字材料中发现有效信息,即是对回答阅读材料要求所的提问题的文字和内容。二要排除生词的障碍,遇到生词要通过上下文,大胆地对阅读文字材料中的个别词义、语义和句义进行推断,还可以通过构词常识大胆猜测。三是原文中有明显的准确答案,要善于利用阅读文字材料中的原文材料,果断作答。在以上基础上,应记住阅读理解文章的要点,阅读理解重要的结论以及阅读理解中的一些关键性的人名、 地点、定义和数字等。因此,解答阅读理解题中心步骤就是阅读,既要阅读短文,又要阅读题目。阅读时要注意阅读技巧,只要反复阅读、强化感知,才能深刻领悟和准确把握,才能提高阅读效率。

二、找

所谓“找”, 就是找原话。要找到语文阅读理解上要求的关键字、词或句子所在段落,并圈下来,然后再来重点理解与分析。当然找原话的目的是为了弄清题意,确定解决问题的阅读空间和范围。有些试题它要求用文中原话来回答,我们就可以用文中的原话来作答,这样答题前把它们标记下,来以利方便。这时就可以从文章中直接提取信息来回答问题。如果它没有明确要求用文中的原话来作答,我们也可以从文章中画出间接信息加以理解,为答题服务。如若它指定必需要使用学生自己的话来回答的话,我们也可以将文中可以借鉴的话语做好标示。语文试题的开放性要求试题答案能自圆其说,答案最佳,这就力求挖掘原句子的隐含信息和深层含义。以标示出来,为下一步答题打牢基础。

三、答

所谓“答”,就是答问题,要让学生在根据语文阅读理解问题的要求来回答相应的问题。分为三层:第一层,直接从原文或自己的知识储备中觅得答案;第二层,需要反复强化、整体感知原文,对文意做到融会贯通,并积极分析,深刻思考,高度概括即可;第三层,需要高度领悟文意,并在此基础上积极运行延伸思维、发散思维、逆向思维等思维活动,才可形成答案。

其次,答题时还有做到以下几点:1、不可不答;不答则无分。只有回答阅读材料要求所的提问题,才能得分。2、不乱答;乱答也不得分。3、言之有理。所谓“言之有理”就是要学生在阅读试卷上的文字材料上找原话,找依据,不能凭空瞎说。语文阅读理解得分的主动权在我们同学们手中,关键是在于你有没有“言之有理”地来作答。只要学生言之有理,就可以酌情得分了。

再次,在答题之后,如果时间允许,要重读全文内容,充满信心地进行复查。所有答案全部做完后,携所有答题带回原文,是否都符合;有无疏漏,确保无误。因此,还要仔细揣摩、根据体裁的特点,不同的语境,要准确的作答。

篇3

【关键词】阅读理解 方法 技巧

阅读是人们学习外语获取信息的主要手段之一,也是语言交际的重要形式,对学生而言,也是学外语的一般目的和要培养的第一能力。阅读能力不只表现在解答阅读理解的问题中,整个试卷都是对阅读能力的检验。阅读理解题是集语法、词汇与一体,着重考查考生对英语基本知识的掌握和运用的情况。

下面笔者就结合自己多年的英语教学实践,对如何提高学生的阅读理解能力发表一些自己的见解。

一、要让学生明白等级考试及能力考试对考生阅读理解能力的具体要求

主要表现在以下几个方面:

1.掌握所读材料的主旨和大意;

2.了解阐述主旨的事实和细节;

3.根据上下文判断某些词汇和短语的意义;

4.既理解个别句子的意义,也理解上下文之间的逻辑关系;

5.根据所读材料进行一定的判断、推理和引伸;

作者的观点、意图和态度。

二、影响学生阅读能力的因素以及存在的问题

上面已提到,阅读能力的高低直接决定着考试的成败,如何提高阅读能力是每位考生最为关心的问题,在回答这一问题之前,先看一下影响阅读理解能力的因素及存在的问题,概括起来有三点:其一,词汇量掌握少,导致阅读失败,这是中下游学生普通存在的一个问题。第二种因素主要是语法知识欠缺导致阅读失败。在阅读过程中,除了词汇量之外,影响理解的另一个重要因素就是语法。任何一种语言都有自己的语法规则,它包括词法和句法,即组词成句的规则和词型、句型变化规则。

要求掌握的语法知识包括:

1.英语句子的基本程序及其意义;

2.英语句子的结构和常用句型;

3.各种时体的变化及其意义;

4.各种从句的构成和意义;

5.句际之间的所指、省略、替代、重复、逻辑关系等。

根据上述要求,在做阅读理解题项时,必须运用语法知识辨认出正确的语法关系。没有一定的语法知识,看不出句子的主、谓、宾,搞不清句子结构,也就没有理解可言。因此我们要引导学生集中精力做句法分析,先解决长难句的理解问题,理清句式结构,闯过难句理解这一关。其具体方法是:①对于含多个从句的长句,应该先找到主句的主体部分即主、谓、宾,然后再找从句的主体部分,一层一层进行,先把同一层次的看完,再进行下一层次的内容。②对于有很长插入成分的长句,先不要理会插入语,等把主句的意思理解了再来分析插入语的意思和作用。③对于有分词状语或独立主格结构的长句,应先分辨主句和从属部分,分清主次,不要错把从属部分当成了主句。

第三种导致阅读失败的因素是背景知识。在阅读时,单词全认识,语法都会,可就是读了文章之后不知所云。这种情况最令人头痛,这不仅仅是涉及到英语的基础知识问题,同时还涉及到背景知识,由于对背景知识不熟悉而影响理解,任何人都可能会碰到这个问题。对我们来讲,克服这一障碍的办法就是广泛阅读,增加对英语国家的历史、人文状况、政治现实、科学知识、风土人情的了解。

三、掌握必要的阅读方法和阅读技巧

要想提高阅读理解能力,就得掌握一些阅读方法和阅读技巧。针对阅读过程这一问题,特提出三种不同的模式。①自下而上模式。持这种观点的人认为,阅读是一种从左到右、线性的、机械的过程,即读者先认识词,再理解短语、句子,逐步过渡到段落。显而易见,这种模式有它的局限性,因为人们在实际阅读时目光是跳跃前进的,并且每跳跃一次有一个短暂的注视时间。因此,我们在阅读时要把视野放宽,不要以字母或单词为单位,而应以通常所说的意群为单位进行阅读,这样可以大大加快阅读速度。②自上而下模式。所谓自上而下的模式是指阅读者在阅读时应拥有一定的背景知识,首先进行选样,从文章中获取一定的信息;接着进行预见,猜测下文的内容;然后继续阅读,进行检验,验证一下自己的预见是否与文章一致;最后对自己的预见进行肯定或修改。这种模式的缺限是过于强调背景知识的重要性,忽略了牢固的语法知识和丰富的词汇量对阅读的重要性。③相互作用模式。针对上述两种模式的局限性,专家们又提出了另一种新的模式,即相互作用模式。就是说阅读是一个自下而上和自上而下的相互作用的心理过程,是读者运用自己的语言知识和背景知识对所读材料进行的一个积极的思维过程。也就是说,阅读时,对单词、短语、句子及段落的理解是相互作用的,即对单词的理解有助于对句子的理解,对句子的理解也有助于对特定上下文中某个单词的理解;而且对单词、句子及段落的理解与个人的背景知识也是相互作用的。显然,这是一个较为合理的模式,它符合人们的实际阅读习惯。

四、养成良好的阅读方法

篇4

关键词:背景知识 阅读理解 传授方法

1. 背景知识与阅读理解的关系

Pearson and Johnson(1978)把阅读理解定义为“联系新旧知识的桥梁”,强调了背景知识的重要性。Carrell (1983)认为背景知识有3个组成部分:上下文(context)、熟悉度(familiarity)、透明度(transparency)。上下文指与文本有关的相关内容,熟悉度指读者对文本内容的了解程度也可以说是文化知识程度,透明度指对篇章结构的把握。实际上Carrell的3个部分正是广义的背景知识的内涵,上下文和熟悉度,透明度。

2. 背景知识对英语阅读理解的制约

2.1背景知识对阅读理解的影响

背景文化能够影响阅读理解是不言而喻的。可是它究竟如何对阅读理解产生影响,又在多大程度上影响阅读?为了更好地研究背景文化对阅读理解的具体作用,在宏观上,可把文化背景知识分为作家个人背景和整体文化背景。谈到文化背景知识对语言学习的影响,我们不妨先谈谈图式理论(Schema theory)。图式阅读理论把阅读看作是个自上而下(top--down)的认知过程。阅读能力是由三种图式决定的:语言图式,内容图式和形式图式。

2.2 文化差异对阅读理解的制约

由于文化不同,人的思维方式也就不同,而思维方式又对语言有着深远的影响。语言是文化的一种表现形式,是文化的载体,语言和文化有着密切的联系。一定的文化背景知识会促进学习者对语言的理解,从而促进语言应用能力的提高。反之,任何语言,如果学习者不了解其文化背景,学习起来势必吃力。

3.在阅读教学中文化背景知识的具体传授方法

外语教学为进行跨文化交流提供了有利条件,但值得人们注意的是:外语教学不是一种纯粹的语言转化,它在很大程度上,要受到如历史、文化、社会、政治、传统、审美情趣等因素的影响。因而在英语教学中不仅要求学生掌握文化基础知识,而且要了解背景知识。只有掌握了这两种知识,英语的交际功能才能得到充分的发挥。

3.1讲解法

在讲解文章前,教师根据自己对文章的了解,考虑到学生可能缺乏该文章的必要文化背景知识,充分利用教师参考书,向学生介绍有关的背景知识。例如在上《大学英语精读》第二册第四单元(My First Job)时,就涉及到工作面试(job interview),教师可以讲解一下西方学生通常利用假期去找工作挣钱,而找工作主要是先看报纸上的招聘广告,然后再去面试,顺便可以提一下在面试中应注意的一些问题,再结合当前国内大学生也流行假期打工和毕业后面临自找工作这个背景,通过这样的讲解,不仅帮助学生对西方人是怎样找工作的这个背景知识有所了解,而且可使学生有一种切身利益之感,会更认真、更有兴趣地学习该课文,从而促使他们对这篇文章的一些主要细节的理解。

3.2比较法

通过比较中西两种文化的异同点,培养学生对目的语文化具有敏感性,逐步使学生具有跨文化交际的意识,这是一种在外语学习中最常用的方法,而且效果不错。

3.3提问法和讨论法

提问和讨论可以使学生积极地参与到教学中来,在某种程度上提高他们的口头表达能力。教师围绕文章中的有关文化背景知识,可以采用个别回答或小组讨论的方式,了解学生对文章的理解程度。

4.背景知识传授中的注意事宜

4.1语言教学与文化教学并重

要把内容背景知识更好地传授给学生,英语教师必须多读具有西方特色的社会、政治、文学、艺术、历史、地理、宗教等方面的文献资料。

4.2分层次渗透

英语教师要在英语阅读教学的3个阶段(读前、读中、读后)分层次融入不同的内容背景知识。读前,教师要给学生导入与材料本身相关的内容背景知识,使学生的认知过程有一个科学的预热阶段,便于学生展开阅读思维;读中,教师要扫除材料中的文化障碍;读后,教师要对材料中的相关内容背景知识加以延伸和升华,引导学生学会文化差异对比,提高其文化素质。

语言与文化密切相关,文化背景知识的介绍在英语阅读课的教学中起着举足轻重的作用。阅读理解是一项复杂的语言与思维的相互作用过程,学习一门外语,只有沉浸到该语言国家的文化中去,置身于相关的文化背景,才能充分理解反映这种文化的语言。理解成功与否在很大程度上取决于对读者语言知识和非语言知识(文化背景知识)的掌握程度以及阅读技巧的运用正确与否。

参考文献:

[1]邓炎昌, 刘润清.语言与文化[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1989.

[2]董亚芬.大学英语教学的回顾与展望[J].外语界 1992 年第 3 期

[3]顾晔,许华琳.文化背景知识在阅读信息处理中的作用[J].中国高等医学教育,2005,(2):64-65

[4]马博森.读教学中的话语分析模式[J].外语教学与研究,1995,(2):56-60

[5]马双月. 浅析影响大学生英语阅读效率的两大因素[J]. 开封教育学院院报,2001,(12)

[6]王银泉.阅读教学存在的一些问题[J].外语界,1995年第 4 期

篇5

关键词:初中语文 阅读理解 答题技巧

阅读理解主要用来考查学生的阅读速度、理解能力和记忆能力。通过我们长期的教学实践,阅读理解题的解题应分以下几个步骤:

一、纵观全文,把握主旨

1、理清文章的思路。文章的每一段、每一句话归根到底都是为阐明中心服务的,都归向文章的主旨。平时要学会为文章标段,归纳每段意思,归纳中心思想往往是行之有效的。

2、要找寻、读懂文章中关键的词句。特别是那些体现作者立场观点、反映文章深层次内容、内涵较丰富、形象生动的词句。尤其是文章的开头句、结尾句、独立成段的句子、比喻句、连问句、过渡句、抒情议论句,文章的主旨常常隐含其中。

首先,不要急着去做题,在进入题目之前,必须读两遍文章。第一遍是速读,重点是理解文章的体裁。答题时切忌还没完整的阅读文字材料,就匆匆忙忙地写答案。最好先把文章从头到尾通读一遍,对文章有一个整体的认识和理解。

学生阅读原文时有两种方式,一种叫"顺读法",就是先读短文后读题目,然后再读短文寻找正确答案。一种是采用"倒读法",就是先读题目后读短文,最后寻找答案。我比较赞成"倒读法",因为这种阅读方法是带着问题阅读,目的明确,容易集中,能及时抓住文中与解题关系密切的信息,从而节省了阅读时间。“倒读法"对表层理解的题目(提问时间、地点、原因等)效果最好,对深层理解的题目,要从短文的整体内容出发,进行概括和总结,分析所提供选项,作出准确的判断。

其次,画出在文章的结构上起过渡、连接作用的词语、句子、段落,画出各段落中的中心句,尤其注意段首、段尾,这些词句往往就是回答问题时需要重点研读的,通过找重要的词句进一步理解文章的思路,结构层次。

最后,心中要有文体意识,找出画龙点晴的句子。要找到阅读理解要求的关键字、词或句子所在段落,要求学生在阅读文字材料时有重点地圈下来,然后再来重点理解与分析,目的是为了弄清题意,直接提取从文中提取有效的信息。如果试题要求用文中原话回答的,就可以直接用原话作答,如果没有明确要求用文中原话作答的,我们就可以“从文章中提取信息”来回答问题,就是挖掘出文中隐含的信息和深层含义然后作答。

3、弄清文章表达的思想感情。这需要根据文章的具体内容来回答,常见的有歌颂、赞美、热爱、喜爱、感动、高兴、渴望、震撼、眷念、惆怅、淡淡的忧愁、惋惜、思念(怀念)故乡和亲人、或者是厌倦、憎恶、痛苦、惭愧、内疚、痛恨、伤心、悲痛、遗憾等。一般作者的情感可以从文章的字里行间可以看出来的,有的也许写得比较含蓄,有的是直抒胸臆。

4、注意文章运用的修辞手法

常用修辞手法有8种,比喻、比拟、夸张、排比、对偶、反复、设问、反问。其中考得最多的是比喻、拟人、夸张、排比,比喻的作用有三:一是使深奥的道理浅显化,帮人加深体味;二是使抽象的事物具体化,叫人便于接受;三是使概括的东西形象化,给人鲜明的印象。拟人的作用是可以使读者不仅对所表达的事物产生鲜明的印象,而且感受到作者对该事物的强烈感情,运用拟人表现喜爱的事物,可以把它写得栩栩如生,使人倍感亲切自然;表现憎恨的事物,可以把它写得丑态毕露,给人以强烈的厌恶感。夸张的作用是可以深刻地表现作者对事物的鲜明的感情态度,从而引起读者的强烈共鸣;通过对事物的形象渲染,可以引起人们丰富的想象,有利于突出事物的本质和特征。排比的作用在于能突出文章的中心,表达强烈奔放的情感,增强语言的气势;是提高表达效果的重要环节。还有叠词、短句使用,使文章富有节奏感,具有音韵美,读起来朗朗上口。

二、准确审题

阅读题的关键在于准确地审题,抓住了审题这个关键,就找到了答题的诀窍。语文阅读的审题,就是要仔细分析题目,把握题目要求,即是把握题目中包含的与答案相关的各种信息。这是答题的第一步,也是最关键的一步。题目一般由两个部分组成,一是文章作者的话,一是命题者的话。设置题目的目的,主要是限定答题内容;同时,命题者为了使考生不至于茫然无绪,往往又会在题目中提示答题内容在文中的位置,甚至限定了在哪一段或哪个句子中。这样我们就可以根据题目的提示,找出每一道题的出题点,锁定答题区间,具体到段、句、词。只要找准了原文中的相关区域,认真揣摩上下文的文意,准确抓住关键词句,准确地把握住答案的有关信息,大多数题目的答案是能够在原文中找到的。

三、筛选组合,定向表述

文学作品阅读多为主观题,其题目不仅能显示答题的区域,还能显示答题的方式。要站在命题人所“问”的角度回答问题,问什么答什么,使所答充分、到位、准确、有条理。整合时一定要确保文通句顺。牢记:

1、弄清题目中所具有的态度或倾向

遇到的题目如果是否定形式,就采用先反后正的答题方式,避免遗漏要点;遇到的题目如果是肯定形式,就采用正面的答题方式。

2、弄清题目中作者的话和命题者的话

题目中出现作者的语句,一般是学生要理解和分析的对象,而命题者的话一般起到引导学生明确解答重点或者提供限制条件的作用。

3、多从原文中筛选、提炼、整合语句作答。

现代文阅读的考查目的在于把握并理解作者在文中所要传达的信息,因此,要依照作者的思路来理解作品,多从原文中寻找答案。但并不是直接摘抄,有时以文章中的词或句为基础略作改写来作答,有时要求综观全文,从各段中提取相关信息加以整合。这类题在高考中出现最多。

篇6

以题目的难易程度分析,人们常常把它们分为表层理解和深层理解。所谓表层理解就是对文中的客观事实的感知和记忆,深层理解是根据文中的客观事实,在认真思考后进行逻辑推理、总结或概括,得出结论,或从上下文、字里行间悟出文中没有直接表达出来的而可能存在的和必然的结果来。

以题材或体裁论,大致有下述几种:

(1)记叙文(故事、人物小传、新闻报导、史地知识介绍等)。

(2)说明文(科普文章、说明书等)。

(3)论说文(有关政治、经济、社会各方面的论述)。

(4)应用文(书信、广告、通知等)。

做阅读理解时要注意以下几点:

1.要判断出所给文章的类别,根据各类文章的性质,在开始阅读后有意识地着重去掌握和记住某些关键的内容和词汇。这样既抓住了要害,又节省了时间,避免了在若干细节及无关全局的问题上纠缠,初中阶段,碰到的主要是记叙文。如果是故事或传记,就应特别注意找出主要人物、事件发生的时间、地点、主要情节以及最后结局。故事传记主要是叙述主人公的主要特征,他与其他重要人物之间的关系也应同时记住。新闻报导、史地知识介绍,往往是一人一事地介绍,比故事、传记要简单,但也离不开记叙文的基本特点,对于上述要求它们同样适用。而新闻报导特别强调时间性、准确性,因此要搞清时间、地点和数字。

2.解题时不要边看问题边从文中查找答案,因为用这种方法难以提高阅读理解的效果,尤其是对于深层理解的文章。应浏览全文,了解全文的概貌。看完后,应记住文章的要点,重要的结论以及一些关键性的人名、地点、定义和数字(不同的人名、地点可用铅笔在试卷上分别打上不同的记号,以便查找)。

3.要注意找出主题句,利用主题句来查找有关信息。一般说来,论述性较强的文章或说明文,每一段或相关的几段里总有一句话是主题句。读了主题句后,便能知道这一段大致的中心内容,因为主题句概括了全段的主要内容,而该段其余的句子则是用来阐述或说明主题句的。

4.一定要掌握好解题速度,有效地控制考试时间,先易后难是考试时答题的一般方法。碰到难题时,千万不要钻牛角尖,耽误太多时间。一时做不出的题,要果断舍弃,以免影响解别的较有把握的题。待全部题解完后,如有剩余时间再回来做放弃的题。

5.对于一般不影响句子或全文理解的生词,可以放过去,不必务求理解。遇到重要生词时,不要着急,也不要轻易放弃,我们可以采取根据上下文来猜词或根据构词法来猜词等方法来猜出这个词的大致意思。

6.有的学生要用"顺读法",就是先读短文后读题目,然后再读短文寻找正确答案。有的学生采用"倒读法",就是先读题目(四个选项不读)后读短文,最后寻找答案。我比较赞成"倒读法",因为这种阅读方法是带着问题阅读,目的明确,容易集中,能及时抓住文中与解题关系密切的信息,从而节省了阅读时间。“倒读法"对表层理解的题目(提问时间、地点、原因等)效果最好,对深层理解的题目,要从短文的整体内容出发,进行概括和总结,分析所提供选项,作出准确的判断。

总之,解答这类题的中心步骤就是阅读,既要阅读短文,又要阅读题目。阅读时要注意阅读技巧,提高阅读效率。在做到以上几点的基础上,就可以对文章后面所给的问题,分别用"一次判断"、"逐个分析"以及"排除法"等方式来进行判断解答了。

实例分析:

一、单句理解方面

Wearrivedtoolatetogetgoodseats.A.Whenwearrived,thegoodseatswerealreadytaken.B.Wewerelate,butwefoundsomegoodseats.C.Wegotgoodseatssometimeafterwearrived.D.Wehadtostandforthewholeshow.

分析与答案:所给句子的意思是“我们到达太晚了而没能坐上好位子”。而这四个选项的句意分别是:A.当我们到达时,好位子已被别人占了;B.我们去晚了,但是我们找到一些好位子;C.我们到达后的一段时间才坐上好位子;D.整个演出时间我们不得不站着。由此可见,选项A更接近所给句子的意思,因而选项A是正确答案或最佳答案。

二、语篇理解方面

1.试用"倒读法"解下面各题:

(1)Thegreatship,"Titanic"setofffromEnglandto______.A.AustraliaB.theUSAC.ArabiaD.Europe

(2)Peoplethenthoughtitwassafetobeontheshipbecause__________.A.ithad16compartmentsB.ithadmorelifeboatsthanothershipsC.itcouldnotsinkevenif4compartmentsworebrokenD.bothAandC

(3)Theshipwashit_______.A.whenitstartedtocrosstheseaB.whenaverylargeicebergwassuddenlyseenaheadC.soonafteritturnedquicklyontimeD.soonafterithadcrossedthesea

(4)About1,500peopleweredeadbecause________.A.theshipwasthelargestandfinestB.4ofthosecompartmentswerebrokenC.hundredsofpeoplejumpedoutintothewaterD.therewerenotenoughlifeboats

(5)Whichisthebesttitle(标题)forthepassage(短文)?A.HowDoesthe"Titanic"GoDown?B.HowWastheGreatShipSinking?C.TheSinkingofthe"Titanic"D.TheSinkingofaShip

分析与答案:利用倒读的方法,我们可以从(1)到(4)中迅速了解到theship"Titanic"从英国航行到某地去,为什么那么多人丧生等。在阅读短文时,很快就能抓住有关信息,轻而易举地找出正确答案(分别是B、D、C、D)。短文如下:

Thegreatship,"Titanic"(泰坦尼克号),setoffforAmericainApril1912onitsfirst

trip.Itwascarryingmorethan2,000people.

The"Titanic"wasthelargestandfinestshipatthattime.Peoplethoughtitwassafetobeontheshipbecauseithad16compartments(密封舱)withit.Evenif(即使是)4ofthosewerebroken,itwouldstillbeabletostayonthesea.

Fourdayslater,whenthe"Titanic"wascrossingthesea,themanonwatchsuddenlysawaverylargeicebergahead.Thegreatshipturnedquicklyontime,butbeforelongtherewasasoundfrombelow.Thecaptainwentdowntoseewhatwasthematter.Tohissurprise,hefoundtheshipwassinkingfastbecause5compartmentshadbeenbroken!Hundredsofpeoplejumpedoutintothewater.Astherewerenotenoughlifeboats,about1,500liveswerelost.

(5)是问短文的最好标题的,属于深层理解,当你读了短文就会明白最好的标题不是A(Titanic是如何下去的),也不是B(这艘大船是如何正在下沉的),也不是D(一只船的下沉),而是C("Titanic"号沉船事件)。

2.利用"顺读法",解下列各题:

JamesWatt(詹姆斯·瓦特)andtheKettle(水壶)

JamesWattwasanEnglishboy.Helikedtoaskquestionsandwasalwaysthinkinghard.

Onedayhewassittinginthekitchen(厨房)withhisgrandmother.Therehesawakettleonthestove(炉子)。

Soonsteambegantoriseoutofthekettle,andthelidwasshaking."Grandma,what''''sinthekettle?"heasked.

"Water,mychild.Nothingbutwater."

"ButIknowthereissomethingelse.Itpushesthelidup."

"Oh,that''''sonlysteam."

"Howdoesthesteamgetunderthelid?"

"Itcomesfromthehotwater."

Theboysaidtohimself."Thesteammustbeverystrong.Itcanpushthings.Ifthereismorewater,thesteamwillbemuchstronger."ManyyearslaterJamesWatttriedhardandsucceededinmakingsteamworkforpeople.Hegavetheworlditsfirststeamengine(发动机).

Ⅰ.Findthewordfromthisstoryaccordingtothephrases.

1)athingforboilingwater:k________

2)athinginwhichfireburningforwarmingorcooking:s________

3)movable(可移动的)coverforopening:I_________

4)gain(收获)whatoneistryingtodo:s_________

5)useforceonsomethingtomakeitmoveaway:p_________

Ⅱ.Accordingtothestory,choosethecorrectanswer:

1)JamesWattwasfrom_________.A.AmericaB.AustraliaC.EnglandD.Germany

2)Therewas________onthestove.A.abasinB.akettleC.ajarD.apan

3)GrandmatoldlittleWattwhythelidofthekettlewasupanddown.Itwasbecause___________.A.thestreampusheditB.theboymoveditC.thelidmoveditselfD.someonecameanddidit

4)ManyyearslaterWattinvented________.A.thefirstsewingmachineB.thefirstcomputerC.thefirstbikeD.thefirststeamengine

5)JamesWattwas_________.A.afamouswriterB.afamousdriverC.afamousscientistD.afamousmusician

分析与答案:题1也是做阅读理解的常见题,先把所给的词组或短语意思弄清,然后从短文中找单词就不难了。1)意为"烧开水的工具",这就是kettle。2)意为"能在其中燃烧用以取暖或烧饭的东西",这就是stove。3)意为"能打开并可移动的东西",这就是lid。4)意为"通过努力去做而取得的收获",这就是succeed。5)意为"在某物上用力使其移动”,这就是push。

Ⅱ)

1)选C。短文中第一句话就告诉我们詹姆斯·瓦特是个英国人。

2)选B。答案A是盆,C是个罐子,D则是平底锅,根据短文只能选B。

3)选A。短文中的奶奶告诉瓦特蒸汽来自热水。壶盖的上下波动的力既不是瓦特做的,也不是有人进来动的,更不可能是壶盖自己产生的力动的。

篇7

Australia is the greatest island in the world. It is to the south of the equator. So when it is summer in our country, it is cold winter in Australia.

Australia is big, but the population(人口)there is thin. The population is the same as that of Shanghai, a city of China. Australia is young and diverse nation and Australian people come from many different countries.

Australia has many, many sheep. After a short drive from town, you will see sheep around you. You can also find kangaroo has a “bag” below its chest. The mother kangaroo keeps its baby in the “bag”.

Australia is considered to be a relaxed, informal society(社会). When greeting others, students and young people say “Hello” or “Hi”. Sometimes they will say “How’s it going?” or“G day”. In more formal(正式的)situations they usually shake hands the first time they meet. “Good morning”, “Good afternoon” or “Pleased to meet you” are formal greetings. English is Australia’s national language.

1. Australia is the greatest island in the world. The word “island” may mean _______.

A. 国家 B. 城市 C. 山脉 D. 岛屿

2. Australia has the same population as _______.

A. Shanghai B. China C. Beijing D. Japan

3. When it is summer in Australia, it is _______ in China.

A. spring B. autumn C. winter D. summer

4. When Australian people meet for the first time, they will _______.

A. kiss each other B. hug(拥抱)each other

C. nod head to other D. shake hands

5. Which statement is right, according to the passage?

A. Australia has a large population.

B. Kangaroo is a kind of sheep in Australia.

C. Young people always say “How’s it going?” or “G day” to greet others.

D. When you drive in Australia, you can see many horses.

B

In the world, soccer of football is the most popular sport. This is because many countries have wonderful teams for the World Cup. The World Cup is held every four years.

To remember 2002 FIFA World Cup, children from different countries and more than 60 children from Japanese schools came together and spent three weekends drawing a big picture called “Dream(梦幻) World Cups ”in Japan. The children drew animals, flowers and people playing soccer under a bule bright sky. They wished each football team good luck by drawing the flags(旗帜)of all the countries that will take part in the World Cup in Japan and South Korea. The picture was put up in a park near a playground in Yokohama. Some football teams will have games there.

Are you a football fan(迷)?The World Cup makeds more and more people interested in football Teenagers(青少年)like playing and watching football .Many of them love some football stars so much that they get the pictures of their favourite players on the walls of their rooms. That is the way to show their love for the World Cup as children in Japan.

1. If a country wants to take part in the World Cup ,she must have______.

A. Many football fans B. a very good team

C. many football player D. a big playground

2. The next World Cup will be held in_______.

A. 2006 B. 2007 C. 2005 D. 2004

3. From the passage ,in the picture children drew many things except_________.

A. people playing football B. pictures of some football stars

C. a sunny sky D. flowers

4. In “Dream World Cup”,the children drew the flags of some countries______.

A. to show their love for their owe country

B. to tell the people their stories

C. to show their good wishes for the football teams

D. to show their new ideas about football

5.Many teenagers owe the pictures of some football stars because______.

A. they are interested in football B. they are football fans

C. they think their favourite players are great D. all of A,B and C

C

Henry was an office worker in a big city.

Henry was an office worker in a big city. He worked very hard and enjoyed traveling in his holidays. He usually went to the seaside, but one year he saw an advertisement in a newspaper. “Enjoy country life. Spend a few weeks at West Hill Farm. Good food. Fresh air. Horse riding. Walking. Fishing. Cheap and interesting.”

“This sounds a good idea,” he thought. “I’ll spend a month at West Hill Farm. I think I can enjoy horse riding, walking and fishing. They’ll make a change from sitting by the seaside and swimming.” He wrote to the farmer. In the letter he said that he would like to spend all of July there. Then on the first of July, he left for West Hill Farm.

But four days later, he returned home.

“What was wrong with West Hill Farm?” his best friend, Ed, asked him. “Didn’t you enjoy country life?”

“Country life was very good,” Henry said. “But there was another problem.”

“Oh. What?”

Well,” he said, “the first day I was there a sheep died, and we had roast mutton for dinner.”

“What’s wrong with that?” Ed asked. “Fresh meat is the best.”

“I know, but on the second day a cow died, and we had roast beef for dinner.”

“Lucky you!”

“You don’t understand,” Henry said. “On the third day a pig died and we had roast pork for dinner.”

“A different meat every day,” Ed said loudly, “ and you are complaining!”

“Let me finish,” Henry said. “On the fourth day the farmer died, and I didn’t dare (敢)stay for dinner!”

1.How did Henry find out about the farm?

A. He saw it in a newspaper advertisement. B. His best friend told him.

C. He wrote to the farmer. D. Maybe he learned it from the radio.

2. Henry came back home several days later because ________.

A. he didn't like the country life at all B. the farmer wasn’t friendly to him

C. his holiday was over D. he thought he might have to eat the farmer

3. “…and you are complaining!”, the word “complain” means ______.

A.夸奖 B.解释 C.抱怨 D.故弄玄虚

4.Which of the following sentences is true?

A. Ed could eat a different kind of meat every day.

B. Henry thought he could enjoy a change.

C. Henry couldn’t think of anything else to do, so he went to the farm.

D. The farmer died because of the bad meat he ate.

5.Which is the best title for the passage?

A. What a beautiful farm! B. Have a good time.

C.A short holiday D. Henry and the farmer.

篇8

《母亲》阅读理解答案

①我5岁的时候,正处于中国历史上一个艰难的岁月。生活留给我最初的记忆是母亲坐在一棵白花盛开的梨树下,用一根洗衣用的紫红色的棒槌,在一块白色的石头上,捶打野菜的情景。绿色的汁液流到地上,溅到母亲的胸前,空气中弥漫着野菜汁液苦涩的气味。那棒槌敲打野菜发出的声音,沉闷而潮湿,让我的心感到一阵阵地紧缩。

②这是一个有声音、有颜色、有气味的画面,是我人生记忆的起点,也是我文学道路的起点。这个记忆的画面中更让我难以忘却的是,愁容满面的母亲,在辛苦地劳作时,嘴里竟然哼唱着一支小曲!我母亲她一生中遭受的苦难,真是难以尽述。战争、饥饿、疾病,在那样的苦难中,是什么样的力量支撑她活下来,是什么样的力量使她在饥肠辘辘、疾病缠身时还能歌唱?我在母亲生前,一直想跟她谈谈这个问题,但每次我都感到没有资格向母亲提问。

③有一段时间,村子里连续自杀了几个女人,我莫名其妙地感到了一种巨大的恐惧。那时候我们家正是最艰难的时刻,父亲被人诬陷,家里存粮无多,母亲旧病复发,无钱医治。我总是担心母亲走上自寻短见的绝路。每当我下工归来时,一进门就要大声喊叫,只有听到母亲的回答时,心中才感到一块石头落了地。有一次下工回来已是傍晚,母亲没有回答我的呼喊,我急忙跑到牛栏、磨房、厕所里去寻找,都没有母亲的踪影。我感到最可怕的事情发生了,不由地大声哭起来。这时,母亲从外边走了进来。母亲对我的哭泣非常不满,她认为一个人尤其是男人不应该随便哭泣。她追问我为什么哭。我含糊其词,不敢对她说出我的担忧。母亲理解了我的意思,她对我说:“孩子,放心吧,阎王爷不叫我是不会去的!”这是一个母亲对她的忧心忡忡的儿子做出的庄严承诺。现在,尽管母亲已经被阎王爷叫去了,但母亲这句话里所包含着的面对苦难挣扎着活下去的勇气,将永远伴随着我,激励着我。

④在那些饥饿的岁月里,我看到了许多因为饥饿而丧失了人格尊严的情景,譬如为了得到一块豆饼,一群孩子围着村里的粮食保管员学狗叫。保管员说,谁学得最像,豆饼就赏赐给谁。我也是那些学狗叫的孩子中的一个。大家都学得很像。保管员便把那块豆饼远远地掷了出去,孩子们蜂拥而上抢夺那块豆饼。这情景被我父亲看到眼里。回家后,父亲严厉地批评了我。爷爷也严厉地批评了我。爷爷对我说:嘴巴就是一个过道,无论是山珍海味,还是草根树皮,吃到肚子里都是一样的,何必为了一块豆饼而学狗叫呢?人应该有骨气!他们的话,当时并不能说服我,因为我知道山珍海味和草根树皮吃到肚子里并不一样!但我也感到了他们的话里有一种尊严,这是人的尊严,也是人的风度。人,不能像狗一样活着。

⑤饥饿的岁月使我体验和洞察了人性的复杂和单纯,使我认识到了人性的最低标准,使我看透了人的本质的某些方面。我的父母、祖父母和许多像他们一样的人,为我树立了光辉的榜样。这些普通人身上的宝贵品质,是一个民族能够在苦难中不堕落的根本保障,也正是文学的灵魂。

19、文章第①段,母亲捶打野菜情景的描写很有特点,试作赏析。(3分)

20、理解文中两处划横线句子的含义。(4分)

(1)愁容满面的母亲,在辛苦地劳作时,嘴里竟然哼唱着一支小曲!

(2)孩子,放心吧,阎王爷不叫我是不会去的!

21、第③段中,画曲线句子“有一段时间,村子里连续自杀了几个女人,我莫名其妙地感到了一种巨大的恐惧。”在文章结构和内容上有何作用?(4分)

22、根据文意,请补写出第④段中父亲严厉批评我的话。(不超过40字)(3分)

23、本文题目为“母亲”,但文中又用了不少文字写了父亲和爷爷,请结合全文探究作者这样安排的原因。(4分)

参考答案:

19、从听觉、视觉、嗅觉方面描写母亲捶打野菜的情景,构成了一幅有动作、有声音、有颜色、有气味的劳动场面。

20、1)母亲不逃避困难和不幸,乐观顽强的面对困难;2)面对苦难要坚强的活下去,表现母亲的坚强和责任感;这种庄严的承诺,是为了消除儿子的担忧,体现了母爱的伟大。

21、照应前文“正处于中国历史上一个艰难的时期”,引出下文我对母亲的担忧;体现生活的艰难、人性的脆弱,反衬母亲的坚强。

篇9

Mr Perkin’s New Car

Mr Perkin stood at the bus-stop and watched the cars go by. Many of the cars were new Beta 400s, and most of them were yellow. Mr Perkin always wore the same clothes as other men, ate the same food as other people, and did the same things after work, and at the end of the week, Mr Perkin did not like to be different. The following week, Mr Perkin bought a new, bright yellow Beta 400s. He was satisfied with it, and drove to work in it the very next day. He was even more satisfied with his new car, when he saw all the other Beta 400s, in front, behind, and on both sides of him. Mr Perkin parked(停车) his car in a big car-park(停车场) near his office, and walked the rest of the way. But when he came back at five o’clock, there were so many bright yellow Beta 400s in the car-park that he did not know which car was his. He tried his key in some of the cars, but people passing by gave him a look he didn’t like. So he stopped. Poor Mr Perkin had to wait nearly two hours until his was the only yellow Beta 400s in the car-park.

1. Mr Perkin wanted a new yellow Beta 400s because_____________.

A. the bus did not come.

B. he liked new clothes, food and cars.

C. he liked to do the same as other people.

D. he liked to be different from others.

2. He drove to work in his new car_____________.

A. the very next day.

B. the day he bought it.

C. a week he bought in.

D. on the day he first watched the cars passing.

3. He was satisfied with his new car because_____________.

A. no one else had a yellow one.

B. it was the same as other cars all around him.

C. he was in front of all the other cars.

D. other cars were not as bright as his.

4. At five o’clock Mr Perkin_____________.

A. walked home. B. drove his car out of the car-park.

C. came back to the car-park. D. did not know which was his car-park.

5. People gave him a look because_____________.

A. he had a nice new car.

B. he could not open the door of his car.

C. he was in the wrong car-park.

D. he was trying to open more than one car.

6. Mr Perkin had to wait until_____________.

A. there was only one yellow Beta 400s in the car-park.

B. there was only one car in the car-park.

C. there were no bright yellow cars in the car-park.

D. there was no one about to look at him.

(二)

A lot of boys and girls in America are wearing the same clothes and many of them have long hair. So it is often difficult to tell whether they are boys or girls. One day an old man went for a walk in a park in Washington, and he was tired, he sat down on a bench(长凳). A young person was standing on the other side of the pond(水池). “Excuse me,” the old man said to the person next to him on the bench, “Do you see the person with the red trousers and long hair? Is it a boy or a girl?” “A girl,” said his neighbour, “She is my daughter.” “Oh,” the old said quickly, “I am sorry, but I didn’t know that you were her mother.” “I’m not,” said the other person. “I’m her father.”

1. It isn’t often easy to tell whether many of American children are boys or girl ____.

A. because they all look like each other

B. because they have long hair and wear the same clothes.

C. because they are wearing the same kinds of caps and shoes.

2. One day an old man went for a walk in ____.

A. the street in Washington

B. the Washington Park in America

C. in a park in Washington

3. There were ____ persons beside the pond, they are ____.

A. three…a man, a woman and a girl

B. three…two men and a girl

C. two…a man and a girl

4. The young person standing on the other side of the ____ was ____.

A. bench…the other’s boy

B. pond…the old man’s daughter

C. pond…the daughter of the old man’s neighbour

5. The young person wore ____.

A. a pair of red trousers

B. on a pair of red trousers

C. with a pair of red trousers

6. The old man thought his neighbour was the girl’s ____.

A. mother B. father C. brother

(三)

Your Passport(护照) Please!

Mr Hill arrives at London Airport, at the end of a three week holiday in France. Usually he wears a beard(留胡须). Since it has been hot there, he has taken it off. But his passport photo shows him with his beard.

An office looks at the photo for a moment, and says: “Will you excuse me? Please sit down. I shan’t keep you long.” With this, he walks away, shows the photo to a second office, and says: “I know that face.” The second officer looks at the passport and asks where Mr Hill has come from. When he hears that Mr Hill has arrived back from Paris, the second officer smiled and says: “An Englishman with a beard stole a painting in Paris on Friday, And that man looks just the kind of man…” Suddenly it comes to the first officer who Mr Hill is. He returns to him, and asks: “Did you teach at the No.2 . High School?” When Mr Hill answers, in surprise, that he did, the first officer smiles and says: “I thought so. I’m Jack Smith. You taught me French. You haven’t changed a bit.”

1. Mr Hill ____.

A. has just come back from the airport.

B. is on his way to Paris.

C. spent three weeks in Paris before he went to France.

D. has been in France for three weeks

2. Mr Hill ____.

A. has a beard on his face but not in his photo

B. grew a beard while he was on holiday

C. has a beard in his photo but not on his face

D. took his beard off long before he went on holiday.

3. The first officer is sure ____.

A. Mr Hill stole the painting

B. he has seen the face in the photo before

C. he knows the second officer’s face

D. a man without a beard stole the painting

4. The second officer says that ____.

A. Mr Hill stole the painting

B. a man with a beard, from France, stole a painting in English

C. an Englishman took his beard off and stole a painting

D. a man with a beard, from England, stole a painting in Paris.

5. Mr Hill taught ____.

A. Jack Smith French at the No. 2 High School

B. Jack Smith to be a first officer

C. at the No.2 High School, in France

D. French some years ago and his name was Smith, not Hill

(四)

A long time ago people thought that the sun went round the earth. In some countries people even said that the sun was a god. They thought the god drove across the sky each day on a golden horse. Now we know the earth goes round the sun. It takes the earth a year to go all way round the sun. Today men even know how far it is for the earth to go round the sun. They tell us that the earth travels over a thousand miles a minute on its journey round the sun. The sun is really a star. It is much bigger than the earth and it is very hot. Some people have been to the moon but we know that no one can ever go to the sun. It is far too hot for people to live anywhere near it. The sun is three hundred thousand times heavier than the earth and more than million times larger.

1. A long time ago, people said the sun was ____.

A. a golden horse of god B. a god on a golden horse

C. a god with golden dress D. a god and a golden horse

2. The earth travels over ____ miles an hour.

A. 1,000 B. 100,000 C. 6,000,000 D. 600,000

3. One year is ____

A. the time for the earth to turn round.

B. the time the earth travels one thousand miles.

C. one circle the earth goes round the sun.

D. the journey of the earth.

(五)

The Farmer, His Horse, and His son

Once there was an old farmer, with a horse which was almost as old as himself. He set out one morning with his son to sell the horse before it died. Father and son walked, because the farmer did not want the horse to be too tired. They met two men on the road who said, “Why are you walking, farmer? You have a horse, It’s a long way to the market.” The farmer know that this was true, so he rode on the horse, while his son walked. Then they met two old women, “What are you doing up there, farmer? Can’t you see how tired boy is?” So the farmer got down, and his son rode instead. Next, three old men stopped them, one said, “Why are you walking, farmer? Get up, It’s too hot for an old man like you to walk today,” So the farmer got up behind his son, and they rode on. Some time later, a young woman passed them, “Why aren’t you walking?” she asked, “It isn’t far to the market. Give your poor horse a rest.” So the farmer, and his son, got down once again. It is a fact that you cannot please all the people all the time.

1. The farmer wanted to sell the horse ____.

A. before it was dead B. before it become too tired

C. before it market was over D. before it was as old as he was

2. The two men on the road ____.

A. asked how far it was to the market

B. said they thought the horse looked very tired

C. asked why the farmer was not riding on his horse

D. told the farmer’s son to get off the horse and walk

3. The two old women said it was wrong for ____.

A. the farmer to ride such a tired horse

B. the farmer to ride while his young son walked

C. the boy to ride instead of his father

D. only one person to ride such a long way

4. The farmer got up behind his son because ____.

A. the old man said it was too hot for him to walk

B. the three old men stopped them on the road

C. he did not know why he was walking

D. his son could not ride the horse by himself

5. The young woman was most sorry ____.

A. for the old man B. for the farmer’s young son

C. that it was not far to the market D. for the horse

(六)

I Want to Be a Dustman

Tom was ten years old, and he was a very lazy boy, He didn’t like doing any work. He had to go to school of course, but he didn’t study hard there and tried to do as little work as possible. His father and mother were both doctors and they hoped that their son would become one, too, when he grew up. But one day Tom said to his mother, “When I finish school, I want to be a dustman.” “A dustman?” his mother asked, she was very surprised. “That’s not a very pleasant job, why do you want to become a dustman?” “Because then I would only have to work one day a week.” Tom answered at once. “Only one day a week?” his mother said, “What do you mean? And how do you know?” “Well”, Tom replied, “I know that the dustmen who come to our house on work on Thursday, because I only see them on that day.”

1. What kind of boy was Tom?

A. Tom was a clver boy.

B. Tom was a boy who didn’t like to work.

C. Tom was a boy who worked very hard.

2. What were his father and mother?

A. His father was a doctor and his mother was a nurse.

B. His father was a worker, his mother was a doctor.

C. His father was a doctor, so his mother.

3. What did his parents want him to be when he grew up?

A. They wanted him to be a dustman.

B. They wanted him to be an officer.

C. They wanted him to be a doctor.

4. What did Tom say he wanted to be?

A. Tom said that he wanted to be a person who collected rubbish and emptied the dustbins.

B. Tom said that he wanted to be a person who taught the children at school.

C. Tom said that he wanted to be a person who worked in a hospital.

5. Why did Tom think that dustmen only worked one day a week?

A. Because Tom heard of this.

B. Because one of the dustmen had told him before.

C. Because Tom had seen the dustmen only on Thurday at his house.

阅读理解答案

篇10

一、培养良好的阅读习惯,是提高阅读理解与速度的前提条件

良好的阅读习惯是提高阅读速度和阅读理解能力的先决条件,很多学生在英语阅读时由于各种原因,容易养成不良的阅读习惯,从而影响阅读效率、影响英语阅读能力的提高。比如,1.音读,即出声阅读的习惯,包括唇诵、喉诵;2.指读,即用手指,钢笔或其他东西指着一个一个词进行阅读的习惯,这种单纯的机械运动不仅会严重影响阅读的速度,而且还会把注意力引向错误的方向;3.复视即回视、重读现象,阅读能力差的人往往过分依赖复视,以至于养成习惯;另外,还有诸如头的摆动、查字典、一边阅读一边转笔等等,这些都是影响阅读速度和效率的不良习惯,在平时的训练中,教师要注重强调这些习惯对提高阅读能力的影响,提醒学生注意克服这些不良习惯,同时要引导学生养成如下几种良好的阅读习惯。

1.培养良好视读习惯。善于运用眼睛扫视,通过视觉,培养直接感知文字符号的视读能力。教师在训练中要选择难度适宜的材料和读物,方便学生阅读时不会因遇到生词或不懂的短语,句子和段落而反复回读,提醒学生阅读时尽量控制自己做到一眼读完就读懂。

2.培养篇章阅读意识习惯。教师要求学生把注意力放在整篇文章上,不要过多地考虑每个词或短语的意思;碰到生词要通过逻辑思维大胆猜测词义或者直接跳过,阅读过程中以抓住文章中心思想为主要目的等。

3.培养寻找文章主题句和关键词的习惯。在阅读训练时,教师要引导学生注意不同文章体裁中句与句之间或者段落与段落之间的内在联系,提醒学生各种体裁文章的主题句与关键词一般出现在什么位置,培养学生识别主题句及关键词的能力,让学生养成抓住关键词和主题句的习惯。

二、课内阅读与课外阅读相结合

高中英语大纲明确指出:“要提高学生阅读能力,单纯通过教科书中的课文教学是不够的,还要根据学生的具体情况,有计划地指导学生在课外阅读一定数量的读物。”所以老师必须要把课堂教学阅读与课外阅读结合起来,引导学生多阅读课外资料。

课堂教学主要适用于精读,精读是传授系统的基础语言知识,如语音,语法,词汇,篇章结构,语言功能意念等;训练语言的听,说,读,写,译等基本技能。学生进行精读训练的一般步骤是先疏通词汇,粗知文章的轮廓及大概,再研究文章的结构,弄清文章的内部联系,然后深入重点,剖析语言,分析内容,把握文章的重点,最后综合归纳,领会作者的意图。精读实质上是综合训练,大量时间用于为语言点的复用掌握而安排的听、说、写操练上,读的专门训练不够,不适用于阅读速度和理解能力的训练。

而课外阅读是帮助学生扩大词汇量、提高阅读速度、增强文化背景知识、培养阅读兴趣的有效途径;是培养细致观察语言以及假设、判断、分析、归纳、推理、论证等逻辑思维的能力及提高阅读理解能力的关键。教师要有计划的引导学生进行课外阅读,要教给学生课外阅读的正确方法。

课外阅读与课堂精读方法不同,一般运用泛读来阅读材料,精读和词汇是泛读的前提,泛读是增加词汇积累,扩大知识面和提高速度的有效方法,培养学生良好的泛读能力,提高阅读速度及获取信息的能力。

另外,教师还要注意课外阅读的选材,太难,太易都不能引起学生的兴趣;另外,题材要广泛,既要有知识性又要有趣味性;文章体裁要多样,并引导学生掌握各种体裁的文章结构特征,总结归纳出各类文章体裁的规律。

三、重视阅读资料的内容与形式相结合

很多学生对于阅读理解仅仅着眼于了解课文内容上,认为理解了文章中的语言文字所表达的意义及作者的观点即可以了,而对文章的体裁和各种体裁是如何安排篇章结构的却往往忽视,其实,只有把理解文章和语言所表达的思想内容与理解文章和语言的表达形式有机结合起来,才称得上是真正意义上的阅读,而关注各类文章体裁的结构形式对于提高阅读理解和获取文章信息具有很大的帮助。

高中英语教材的阅读材料体裁多种多样,有记叙文、说明文、小说、传记,还有书信、日记戏剧、诗歌等,这些不同内容的文体都有不同形式结构,不同的体裁从结构和写作手法上都有所不同。如写人,就要写出人物的言行举止和心理感受;如记事,就要记清楚事情的来龙去脉;如议论文,就要有相关的论点、论据和结论。不同体裁的文章结构格式也不相同,新闻报道有新闻报道的格式,书信有书信的格式等等。

教师在课堂上要引导学生去发现这些不同体裁文章的文章结构和他们之间的区别,引导学生注意不同文体在阅读过程中要注意哪些文章的问题,引导学生总结出每种文章体裁的结构和写作方式,让学生在阅读过程中做到心中有数,能够较快地抓住文章的段落主旨和重要信息,忽略次要、冗余的信息,直接找到主题句,使阅读快捷和准确。