海明威的名言范文

导语：如何才能写好一篇海明威的名言，这就需要搜集整理更多的资料和文献，欢迎阅读由公务员之家整理的十篇范文，供你借鉴。

篇1

四禁并举、堵源截流、严格执法、标本兼治。

防毒反毒，人人有责。

开展禁毒宣传，增强全民禁毒意识。

除毒务早，除毒务尽！

一日不绝，禁毒一刻不止。

加大禁毒力度，深化禁毒斗争！

动员起来，打一场禁毒的人民战争！

开展综合治理，根除危害！

篇2

“珍爱生命，拒绝！”这八个字一针见血的指出了对生命健康的危害，一个人一旦吸毒上瘾，无异于慢性自杀，在腐蚀人的思想意志的同时也夺去了人体的健康。吸毒者四体不勤、脸色苍白，毒瘾发作时打呵欠，流鼻涕，如果此时得不到，进而发展至烦躁不安、大喊大叫、甚至于歇斯底里、精神异常，而且吸毒者身体对的依赖性不断增强。因此需要不断的加大用毒剂量，而缺乏医学常识的吸毒者往往因掌握不好剂量而一命呜呼，更何况还有因吸毒者共同注射针头而传染上如艾滋病等可怕的疾病。再来算一笔经济帐，一个吸毒者每天至少需要吸食或注射海洛因0.1克，而0.1克海洛因黑市零售价是一百元，那么一个月就三、四千元，一年就是四、五万元。如此巨额的费用，搞得吸毒者家庭破裂，妻离子散，甚至于为筹措毒资，偷盗抢劫、绑架杀人，走上刑事犯罪的道路。现在社会上流通的主要有鸦片、海洛因、可卡因、冰毒、“”，及其它一些国家管制的和品，这些毒性大、成瘾性强，一旦成瘾，人体脱毒过程十分漫长，吸毒者戒了再吸、吸了再戒，反反复复，有人用“一朝吸毒，终生戒毒”来形容戒除毒瘾的难度，因此戒毒的最好办法就是绝不吸毒。

青少年是父母的希望，他们因为思想不尚未成熟，社会经验不够丰富，自身免疫力较差，加上影视剧的渲染和社会不良分子的拉拢引诱，尝试吸毒最后成瘾难以自拔的事例屡见不鲜，一些青少年因青春期特有的叛逆心理或受家庭和学校压力太大，主动寻求刺激，缓解压力导致铸成大错的事例也大量存在，目前在国内、省内已经出现学生参予吸毒的现象，预防学生吸毒已经是迫在眉睫的一个重大问题，我市又受浙南经济发达地区的影响，其向我市渗透不断加剧，这种局面的严重必须要引起家长的高度警惕。

在“”禁毒宣传日到来之际，我们在此呼吁家长提高对巨大危害性的认识，高度关注孩子们的精神生活，引导孩子们结交良师益友，希望通过我们共同的努力，为孩子们的成长铺一条平安大道，使他们的明天更加美好。

篇3

行走在海明威生命的田野上，枪林弹雨洗刷着他的灵魂，不朽的诗篇何时翻看？是什么让他由一个英俊少年转变成一个沧桑的“硬汉”？是什么让他创造了如此辉煌的业绩？谁敢想象，他创造的著作销量仅次于《圣经》！

在一个个孤夜中，是谁伴他走过？是婚姻的一次次失败，身上的一个个弹片，心中的一道道创伤！但他挺过来了！他背负着这一切噩梦走过了62年！两次大战中给他留下的几十次伤痛，几百枚弹片，但他走过来了！他在自己的梦之边界筑起的坚强堡垒，哪里是子弹穿得破的？四次失败的婚姻留给他的是每夜连绵不绝的噩梦，每日不堪回首的痛苦，但他挺过来了！他早在自己的灵魂边界，铺就了一条又一条雄壮精神的河流。

坚毅是他的标志，硬汉是他的名片！他曾借《老人与海》中桑提阿果的口说：“人可以失败，但不可以被击败。外在的肉体可以接受折磨，但是内在的意志却是神圣而不可侵犯的！”没错，他可以被毁灭，但绝不会被击败！他用他坚强的硬汉性格，书写着自己的人生篇章！他用手枪结束了自己的生命，生命本是脆弱的，可这件事发生在他的身上，又怎能算是脆弱？“死在幸福之前最光荣。”海明威在自杀前曾在日记中如是写道，可知他是多么坚定、坚强的人！

海明威的坚毅性格在《老人与海》和《永别了，武器》中都有完美的诠释，当然简洁的文风也是他行文的一大利器。

在《永别了，武器》发表之前他总共修改了39次，其实恐怕还不止这么多吧！据说他写完今天的稿子，当天修改一次，第二天又会修改一次，这么说来又何止39次呢？当他听说外界传他写作一天用了20支铅笔时，他只笑笑说了一句：“只用了7支。”每一句话每一段落都写得尽量简洁，是海明威的工作信条，而他站着写作的独特习惯，更是令人汗颜，他曾经说过：“我站着写，而且用一只脚站着。我采取这种姿势，使我处于一种紧张状态，迫使我尽可能简短地表达我的思想。”正是这种思想、这种精神使他创造了如此的辉煌。他就像一颗明星，用光芒照亮了我的心。我想象着这样的画面：他单吊着脚，锁着眉，低着头，手不停移动，写下一串串可爱的字母，刻画下自己内心的灵魂。

行走在海明威的心路上，一路的风景也许不美，结局也许不美，但他就是一位文学巨匠，更是一个灵魂坚毅之伟人！

篇4

一、引言

20世纪初美国正在经历着一个经济繁荣发展的时期，西进运动持续发展。同时美国北部阿拉斯加与加拿大接壤地区发现黄金，吸引一大部分人前往追随“淘金热”。出生于19世纪末期的杰克?伦敦因贫困辍学加入淘金者行列，在早年的创作中深受尼采的哲学思想，和达尔文的进化论影响。《野性的呼唤》源于他去道森的一次旅行，以加拿大科隆代科地区发现黄金为背景，讲述了一条名叫布克的狼犬，出生于米勒法官家享受着贵族般的待遇，有强烈的自尊但因优厚的生活待遇逐渐失去了狼犬的本性。随后被园丁莫妞尔卖给饭店老板以还清赌债。几经周折，布克被转手多次并逐渐从南方转移到北方极寒地区，给加拿大政府邮递员巴罗特和法兰夏拉雪橇送信，到最后遇到新的主人桑顿。桑顿死后，布克重新回归自然回归本性的故事。小说以狼犬布克的视角用拟人的修辞手法以地点的变化为线索开展故事情节。而海明威经历了两次世界大战，是“迷失的一代”的典型作家。海明威在一战以后移居古巴根据自己亲身经历创作了《老人与海》，主人公是一个年迈的渔夫桑迪亚哥，因整整84没有捕到鱼而被周围邻居嘲笑蔑视，他虽然年纪很大却有很强的进取心，多次出海捕猎，遇到一条巨大的马林鱼，老人与这条鱼搏斗了整整三天三夜到最后带着一副鱼的躯壳凯旋而归，他战胜了马林鱼，证明了自己的尊严。

二、“超人”和“硬汉”在自然环境中的塑造

杰克?伦敦和海明威都善于用环境来塑造他们的形象，把主人公置身于恶劣的自然环境中，在人与自然的斗争和相互抵牾渗透中展现个人精神品质，以艰苦的自然环境为背景反衬人物的个性品质。杰克?伦敦笔下的布克经历了不同的社会环境和自然环境，从文明世界到蛮荒世界，从温暖的南部到极寒的北部，一步步被迫放下自尊和高傲，在失去柯利以后意识到蛮荒世界没有规则秩序可言，学会在恶劣的雪地里睡觉，学会察言观色，逐步扔掉文明的习惯，生活能力逐步增强，不断复苏动物的天性和本能。因极强的生存意识和技能受到原来的狗的领队史皮兹不断挑衅，最终在一场决斗中战胜史皮兹变成新任领队。通过布克与史皮兹的决斗，杰克?伦敦想要通过生与死的斗争，求生的意志力和欲望使得强者与弱者对立，呼应了达尔文主义的丛林法则。布克展现的是一个克服自己的生理缺陷，解放天性和本能，挑战自然法则和不可战胜的自然力量的超人形象。同样在短篇小说《生火》里面杰克?伦敦刻画的是一个在自然面前脆弱渺小的无名淘金者，在一只狗的陪伴下在严寒的荒野中生存。因为人不能在极寒的地区生存，他挑战自然法则挑战极限，虽然顽强的精神可嘉但最终以死亡告终。杰克?伦敦深受尼采的宿命论影响，认为人不可能逃避自己先天的缺陷，在自然面前丛林法则面前，人是不堪一击无法反抗的，他笔下的超人英雄因而常常是以悲剧结尾。

而海明威的创作往往用人物升华的行动精神代表人类对自然的抗争，着重于表现人类身上的某种不服输精神，面对困难与失败不甘懦弱的勇气。桑迪亚哥与大马林鱼大战三天三夜，遭受暴风雨和周围的鲨鱼的袭击，但最后大马林鱼被鲨鱼吃光只剩骨架，老人带着骨架返回港口也被邻居拍手称赞。老人通过拼搏的力量和顽强不息的精神战胜困难，展现的是一个可歌可泣精神勇气可嘉的硬汉英雄形象，充分践行了自己的人生信条“人不是为失败而生的, 一个人可以被毁灭, 但不能被打败”。海明威认为自然力也是不可抗拒的，但人在自然面前不是要去考虑一个胜负，失败或者成功，而是通过与困难的搏斗，努力保持清醒，展示人类超乎寻常的意志力，在失败面前不灰心，保持强者尊严，给读者一注振奋人心的精神助剂。因此，超人形象和硬汉形象有着本质区别。

三、“超人”和“硬汉”在社会环境中的体现

但两者不无相似之处。在当时的时代背景下，满足美国的边疆建设以及政治经济文化建设的发展需求。杰克?伦敦的“超人”是“淘金热”时期实干家和西部牛仔的化身。当时的美国需要开拓国土建设边疆，遍地是黄金，正需要有进取精神和创新精神的人才，不断克服自身局限，在人与自然的不断抗争中砥砺前行。

海明威笔下的“硬汉”也是美国的实干家的化身。在海明威晚年时期，美国经历两次世界大战以后，百废待兴，需要不断注入新鲜活力重振美国。欧洲传统的绅士形象，贵族文化与礼仪，不符合美国社会发展的要求，必将被时代所淘汰。因此两位作家在满足美国社会的现实需求下的“超人”和”硬汉”形象应运而生。

篇5

   《老人与海》海明威小说读后感

   “一艘船越过世界的尽头，驶向未知的大海，船头上悬挂着一面虽然饱经风雨剥蚀却依旧艳丽无比的旗帜，旗帜上，舞动着云龙一般的四个字闪闪发光——超越极限！”作者海明威是这样评价他的作品《老人与海》的。

   《老人与海》塑造了一个经典的硬汉形象。古巴的一个名叫桑地亚哥的老渔夫，独自一个人出海打鱼，在一无所获的48天之后钓到了一条无比巨大的马林鱼。这是老人从来没见过也没听说过的比他的船还长两英尺的一条大鱼。鱼大劲也大，拖着小船漂流了整整两天两夜，老人在这两天两夜中经历了从未经受的艰难考验，终于把大鱼刺死，拴在船头。然而这时却遇上了鲨鱼，老人与鲨鱼进行了殊死搏斗，结果大马林鱼还是被鲨鱼吃光了，老人最后拖回家的只剩下一副光秃秃的鱼骨架。

   海明威为什么没有让老人最终胜利呢？用小说中老人的话来说：“一个人并不是生来就要被打败的”，“人尽可以被毁灭，但却不能被打败。”这就是《老人与海》想揭示的哲理。不可否认，只要是人就都会有缺陷。当一个人承认了这个缺陷并努力去战胜它而不是去屈从它的时候，无论最后是捕到一条完整的马林鱼还是一副空骨架，这都已经无所谓了，因为一个人的生命价值已在那追捕马林鱼的过程中充分地体现了。曾经为自己的理想努力追求过、奋斗过，难道他不是一个胜利者吗？老渔夫就是敢于挑战自身缺陷及自己勇气和信心的胜利者。从世俗胜利观的角度看，老渔夫不是最后的胜利者，因为尽管开始他战胜了大马林鱼，但是最终大马林鱼还是让鲨鱼吃了，他只是带着大马林鱼的白骨架子回到了岸上，也就是说，鲨鱼才是胜利者。可是，在理想主义者眼里，老渔夫就是胜利者，因为他始终没有向大海没有向大马林鱼更没有向鲨鱼妥协和投降。就如音乐大师贝多芬所说“我可以被摧毁，但我不能被征服”。

   人性是强悍的，人类本身有自己的限度，但正是因为有了老渔夫这样的人一次又一次地向限度挑战，超越它们，这个限度才一次次扩大，一次次把更大的挑战摆在了人类面前。在这个意义上，老渔夫桑地亚哥这样的英雄，不管他们挑战限度是成功还是失败，都是值得我们永远敬重的。因为，他带给我们的是人类最为高贵的自信！

   人生本来就是一种无止境的追求。它的道路漫长、艰难，而且充满坎坷，但只要自己勇敢顽强地以一颗自信的心去迎接挑战，他将永远是一个真正的胜利者！

   《老人与海》海明威小说读后感

   “人不是为失败而生的，一个人可以被毁灭，但不能被打败。”这是文学巨匠海明威的文学巨著《老人与海》中的一句至理名言，这条格言陪着人类走过了漫长的岁月，伴着人类度过了无数艰难的时刻，毫不夸张的说，这句话一直是鼓舞着人们勇往直前的不懈动力。

   《老人与海》讲述的是一位经验丰富的老渔夫圣地亚哥的故事。圣地亚哥和一位名叫马洛林的小男孩成为了忘年之交，在历经八十四天还没有捕到鱼之后，两人毅然决然的相约出海。出海那天天气很不错，而苍天也很眷顾他们，两人很容易就钓到了一条巨大的大马林鱼。两人原以为他们能就此返航龙龙，可不幸的是，他们捕获的大鱼引来了鲨鱼的围击，凶狠庞大的鲨鱼一直在猛烈进攻，似乎在逼迫着，威胁着圣地亚哥放弃这条大鱼。不过圣地亚哥也不是一个懦夫，身处危险之中，面对巨大威胁，面临死亡气息，这位老渔夫一直在顽强抵抗着。尽管最后那条肥大鲜美的大鱼被鲨鱼啃食破坏得只剩下了一副骨架，圣地亚哥也没有放弃轻易放弃这条来之不易的大鱼。

   读完这篇小说后，我的感触颇深，尤其是那一句“一个人可以被毁灭，但不可以被打败。”紧紧牵动着我的心，而圣地亚哥那临危不惧，无谓抗争，永不言败，永不言弃的精神更是深深震撼着我，感动着我，启迪着我，教育着我，指导着我，鼓励着我。

   人类很伟大，很坚强，很有潜力，很有毅力；但是人类又好渺小，好脆弱，好容易言败，好容易妥协。当我们遇到困难时，身处困境时，觉得害怕并不丢人，感觉恐惧也并不失常，但是我们一旦有了放弃的念头，有了逃避的想法，有了妥协的行为，那就是胆小鬼的表现了，那样只会让人寒心，让人小看，让人唾弃，让人远离。

   人生在世，还是需要一点傲气，需要一些傲骨的，无论何时何地都能做到自强自信，无惧无畏，那才是真英雄，真本色！但要是自暴自弃，贪生怕死，畏手畏脚，胆小怕事，那就只会招致失败，只会深陷深渊，得不到尊敬，得不到尊重，得不到成功，得不到救赎。

   希望每个人都能在遇到鲨鱼时，勇敢捍卫自己的马林鱼；但愿每个人都能在陷入困境时，大胆对抗黑暗的爪牙；也愿我们在人生征途中，能够一直勇敢坚强，不屈不挠的奋斗着，坚持着！

   《老人与海》海明威小说读后感

   “一个人并不是天生就要被打败的，你尽可以消灭他，却打不败他。”这句话出自于海明威的《老人与海》。这句话是这本书的精华，值得人深入思考。

   本书讲述了老人圣地亚哥经过数次与鲨鱼搏斗及他捕鱼的经验，让他捕获了一条鲨鱼，在老人回来的时候，鲨鱼肉被其它凶猛的鱼夺去，老人空手而归了。

   一条鲨鱼，一位老人，一只小船，一片大海，不禁令人无限感慨、无限遐想。一位老人，永不言败的精神！一片大海，充满挑战；一只小船，寂寞与苦难；这些看似平凡的事物却演绎了一个不平凡的经历。

篇6

塑造硬汉形象的文学作品。

如海明威作品中出现的一系列人物形象。这些人物有拳击师、斗牛士、猎人、渔人等，他们都具有一种百折不挠、坚强不屈的性格，面对暴力和死亡，面对不可改变的命运，都表现出一种从容、镇定的意志力，保持了人的尊严和勇气。桑提亚哥的名言“人可以被毁灭，但不能被打败”，即是这种“硬汉”形象的精神境界。

（来源：文章屋网 ）

篇7

《老人与海》这本书主要讲了古巴老渔夫桑地雅哥出海了八十四天一无所获，在开始的前四十天还有一位小男孩同老渔夫桑地雅哥一起出海的可是过了四十天还是捉不到一条鱼。这里给大家分享一些关于老人与海初中读后感，供大家参考。

老人与海初中读后感1“一艘船越过世界的尽头，驶向未知的大海，船头上悬挂着一面虽然饱经风雨剥蚀却依旧艳丽无比的旗帜，旗帜上，舞动着云龙一般的四个字闪闪发光——超越极限!”作者海明威是这样评价他的作品《老人与海》的。

《老人与海》这本书讲了这么一个故事：古巴老渔夫圣地亚哥连续八十四天没捕到鱼，被别的渔夫看做失败者，可是他坚持不懈，终于钓到了一条大马哈鱼，大马哈鱼将他的小船在海上拖了三天才筋疲力尽，被他杀死了绑在小船的一边，在归程中一再遭到鲨鱼的袭击，他用尽了一切手段来反击。回港时只剩鱼头鱼尾和一条脊骨。尽管鱼肉都被鲨鱼咬去了，但什么也无法摧残他的英勇意志。

圣地亚哥是个可怜的老头。海明威以自己精炼的语言塑造了这个形象，可以说，海明威并没有给予老人成功，却赋予老人在压力下优雅而坚韧的形象。

这本书恰当地写出了生命的强度，告诉我们怎么去面对生、老、病、死，告诉我们心该有多宽。老人是孤独的，他是在理想的道路上前行的旅人，但他又是不孤独的，因为他的意志是那样的坚强。

这本书，我的心久久不能平静，这位普通而又可敬的老人使我深深的懂得了：做人不应该被任何困难所屈服，应该尽自己最大的努力与生活中的磨难做不屈不挠的斗争。

以前，我做什么事只要有一点不顺利，就会退缩，有时还会说上几句垂头丧气的话。在学习上，我只要有几次考试不是很理想就没有信心，认为自己考不到好成绩。《老人与海》中，主人公与鲨鱼搏斗，鱼叉被鲨鱼带走了，他就把小刀绑在桨把上。刀子折断了，他就用短棍。短棍也丢掉了，他就用舵把。这种充满信心、锲而不舍的精神，不正是我所缺少的吗?

今后，我不管遇到什么困难，都要信心十足地去面对，坚持到底，决不退缩。我要感谢这本书，感谢它让我学到了那么多知识，感谢它让我懂得了那么多道理，感谢它让我知道自己的不足，及时改正自己的缺点，使我成为一个对社会有用的人。一个真正的强者，只能被摧毁而不能被击败。

老人与海初中读后感2在我近六年的学习生涯中，我阅读了很多课外书籍，但是我印象最深的还是海明威的著作《老人与海》。

刚翻开这本书，我就爱不释手了。书中主要讲了一位风烛残年的老人，一连八十天没有捕到一条鱼，他几乎快饿死了，但他仍然不肯认输，在第八十五天，他终于捕到了一条身长十八呎，体重一千五百磅的大马哈鱼，鱼拖着小船在大海上航行，即使老人没有水、没有食物、没有武器，他仍不放手。终于在两天两夜后徒手把大鱼杀死了，然而有许多鲨鱼来抢夺他的战利品，他一一杀死了，但是大鱼还是没能逃脱被吃光的命运，最终老人筋疲力尽地拉回一副骨架。老人虽然没换回什么物质，但他换来了人们的尊敬，尊严。

书中这位硬汉般老人身上的可贵品质使我深受启发。如老人一连八十四天没有捕到一条鱼，但是他依然不肯认输，充满着奋斗到底的精神。如果换做我，我肯定会抱怨命运的不公，心里会想：“既然我那么倒霉，我就什么也不做了。”到头来我只会一事无成，可老人没有，他勇敢地对命运说“不!”正因为他不相信自己永远不会那么倒霉，相信他付出的努力会取得最终的成功，才使他在第八十五天里捕到了一条大鱼。

老人那不屈不挠的精神同样使我深受感动。在捕到大鱼后，大鱼拖着小船在海上展开了长达两天两夜的搏斗，此时的老人的船上已没有水、没有食物、没有任何东西，只有那鱼线绑着渗出血的手臂，老人忍着剧痛将大鱼杀死。在那种时期普通人肯定会非常绝望，他肯定会放弃与大鱼的搏斗，但是老人没有，他以超乎想象的毅力和和韧劲将大鱼杀死。

“你可以被毁灭，却不可以被打败。”这是海明威在书中的一句名言，是的一个人虽然失败了，但是他的信念和勇气都被打败了，那么他终将是个失败者，但他依然坚持着他的信念和勇气的话，他的精神就永不会被打败!

“人生能有几回搏?”每当我遇到困难和挫折时，我总会翻开这本书，因为它时时刻刻在提醒我不要放弃，要振作起来，做个像书中老人一样的勇敢的人!

老人与海初中读后感3见识过“富贵”的人，领悟了人对于灾难的承受力。即便从家财万贯、百亩良田到穷困潦倒、食不果腹，也难以令“富贵”在艰难面前停下。到后来，他的亲人一个个逝去，最终只剩下他与老黄牛，也不曾对不幸埋怨过什么。如果说，这样一个故事可以我们明白“承受”，那么《老人与海》则可以让我们战胜!

老人与海，本就是渺小与庞大的对比，然而老人却从未怕过、怨过、恨过。瞧过“鲁滨逊”机智的人，都明白孤独的可怕，独自一人应对生存的艰难。而将一切更为残忍的遭遇放在一个老人身上的时候，其映射出的感受便不言而喻了。他航海八十多天，一无所获，看着丰收的同伴，听闻他们的讥笑，却毫不在意。没错，他是乐观的，这乐观不仅仅在于以后可能产生的“收获”，而是他对苍天、对浩海、对星空的不惧。是的，“拥有”在他眼里不那么重要，他所追求的就是搏斗，无论对方是大马林鱼还是鲨鱼，无论是手抽筋还是几天几夜的煎熬，他所需要的就是搏斗。以此来证明自己，不畏年老、不畏磨难、不畏天地给予的一切创伤。

海明威是个很厉害的人，他将人们对苦难的应对方式描写的淋漓尽致。但人终究有一颗柔软的内心，在遇到苦难时，人们会想起自己最想见的人，会突然有很多想对对方说的话。然而，当周围空无一物的时候，也就无所谓了，想想也罢、说说也好，只要不服老，不认输，也就没什么干不成的。

老人象征着柔弱、无力、沧桑。而比他小船还长的大马林鱼自然是天赐的幸运，它一直潜在水里，老人不知道它有多大，它什么时候会浮上来，它是否会逃跑?而将它抓住又能得到什么?在这一切未知的前提下，他紧紧抓着鱼竿，拼命的祈祷，想让这大鱼跳起来，跳起来它就死了，又祈祷它千万别下潜，下潜它就跑了。更可恶的是，该死的双手随时会抽筋，之前坚持了一次，如果抽筋还来，那老人只有割断鱼线了。

最终，老人经过了几天的奋战，拖着疲惫的身躯把它抓住了。那条大马林鱼比他的船还长，老人只得将它跟船绑在一起，想着回去以后的巨大收获。“好事儿不能说出来，说出来就不会实现了。”这位暮年老者，携着疲惫的身躯和随时会抽筋的双手，又遭遇到鲨鱼。同时也证明了“祸不单行”，鲨鱼不是一条，更不是两条，是一群!奄奄一息的大马林鱼狂摇着尾巴，它败给了老人却不肯败给鲨鱼，直到大马林鱼被啃掉半巨身躯，依旧在残喘着。老人拼了命地保护他的猎物，先是用鱼叉，鱼叉断了换刀子，刀子不好使换棍子，最后换成舵柄，舵柄断了就舵柄的把手扎鲨鱼。直到最后，老人累倒在船上，仍旧带着那副巨大的鱼骨回去了。

老人告诉人们一个事实，没有不可战胜的!所有人都曾在困难下退缩，因为他们不知道“大马林鱼”有多长，不知道“大马林鱼”还可能救他的命，更不知道，只有“大马林鱼”才能发掘自己的潜力，才能无谓的告诉自己，能战胜的不仅仅是“大马林鱼”，即使是“鲨鱼”甚至是更大的，再大些的都可以!

虽然老人老了，手容易抽筋，容易感到疲惫，没有多大的力气，但他却总梦到狮子……

老人与海初中读后感4“一个人并不是生来要被打败的， 你尽可以把它消灭掉，可就是打不败他。”圣地亚哥说。读完这本书让我更直观的体会到了这句话的背后的真正含义。

合上这本书，我的心依然沉浸在汹涌澎湃的大海中。它让我懂得了什么是坚持，什么是顽强。每一次，圣地亚哥的这句话，在我面对困难时，给予我莫大的勇气。

在浩瀚无边的大海中，一只小小的渔船正驶向远方，那正是圣地亚哥的船，它像一头金色的狮子，毫不畏惧地冲向翻腾的巨浪……

海风掠过大海，弥漫着一股血腥味，圣地亚哥掌控着船，拖着一架巨大的鱼骨，在茫茫大海中返航。这一次，圣地亚哥终于捕到了一条大鱼。这条大鱼引来了许多凶猛的鲨鱼，刚刚制服大鱼的圣地亚哥筋疲力尽，但是圣地亚哥为了保护辛辛苦苦捕来的鱼，与鲨鱼们斗了两天两夜，始终没有退缩。最后，大鱼只剩下一架残骨。

虽说最终的结果还是失败，但他在我的心中永远是英雄。一位英雄，就是不怕一切困难，顽强不屈。圣地亚哥在经历了84次挫败后继续出海打鱼，与大鱼周旋，与鲨鱼搏斗，可以说，他的经历谁都没有经历到过。可就这样一次次的挫折，磨炼了老人顽强的意志力，造就了一个不败的神话。

前几天，在新闻当中，我又看到了霍金，他与圣地亚哥有几分相似。霍金拥有异乎常人的头脑，17岁就考上了剑桥大学，21岁时得知自己患上了不治之症后，消沉过一段时间。医生当时预测他最多只能活两年，但两年后情况并没有比想象的糟糕。霍金充满了斗志，胸怀显得更款管，克服了重重困难，反而继续为人类的科学发展做出了杰出的贡献。在他的眼中，重要的是一个人生命的价值，而是他克服困难的意志力。

面对磨难，我们不仅要付出艰辛的汗水，即使最后没有成功。，既然努力过了，就不会有遗憾。这正是挫折搭成了一座通向强者的桥。人的一生当中，只要我们秉持一颗不屈的心，总有一天我们会踏上成功的道路，人生也会更加精彩!

老人与海初中读后感5我读过许多书，它们让我学到了许多知识，也让我懂得了许多做人的道理，其中有一本书，让我体会很深，它就是著名作家海明威写的《老人与海》。

《老人与海》这本书讲了这么一个故事：古巴老渔夫圣地亚哥连续八十四天没捕到鱼，被别的渔夫看做失败者。但是他坚持不懈，终于钓到了一条大马林鱼，大马林鱼将他的小船在海上拖了三天才筋疲力尽，被他杀死了绑在小船的一边。在归程中一再遭到鲨鱼的袭击，虽然他用尽了一切手段来反击，但回港时只剩下大鱼的骨架。尽管鱼肉都被咬去了，但什么也无法摧残他的英勇意志。这本书向我们揭示了这样一个真理：人不是为了失败而生的，一个人可以被毁灭，但不能被打败。

篇8

轻舟一扁，在一望无际的大海边缘，一位白发苍苍的老人孤独的身影置身在小船中。这是在《老人与海》中主人公一位平凡的老人圣地亚哥给我的第一印象。接下来是小编为大家整理的初中生读老人与海的600字心得体会范文，但愿对你有借鉴作用!

初中生读老人与海的600字心得体会范文1欧内斯特.海明威是驰名世界的美国作家。今天，我有幸读到了他最有名的一则中篇小说《老人与海》。读完整篇文章，一个在失败和挫折面前不低头，不气馁，坚韧奋斗的老鱼夫形象便在我心中留下了深深的烙印。

古巴老鱼夫圣地亚哥接连出海84天没有捕到一条鱼，但他毫不气馁。第85天他再次出海，好不容易钓住一条比他的鱼船还长几英尺的大马林鱼。拼死抵抗的大鱼将船拖到了远海，经过三天两夜的艰苦搏斗，老人终于刺死打鱼，把它缚在船边，拖着它返回渔港。但是，途中不时地遇到凶残的鲨鱼群来袭击，它们疯狂地争事大鱼。已极度疲劳的老人又顽强地与鲨鱼群搏斗：用鱼叉，用刀子，用桨柄，用木棍……最后，他什么武器也没有了。当他终于疲惫不堪地返回渔港时，SUO大的马林鱼仅剩一具空空的骨架。故事的内容就是这样简单，但我却被老人非凡的意志和力量所折服。我佩服老人把人与海的格斗想象为人生格斗，把大马林鱼和鲨鱼都看成他浴血奋斗的对手，佩服他以自己的行动证实人的胆略，人的气魄，人的价值，证实人不是生来要给打败的!

人的一生何尝不是这样呢?在漫漫的旅途中，每个人都会遇到无数的困难与坎坷，但是我相信，只要每个人拿出自己的勇气与力量同困难搏斗，你终究会取得成功。即便最后你与困难“同归于尽”也丝毫不会后悔。细细地品味完《老人与海》，一句极富生命意义的话在我心中永远珍藏了起来：人可以被毁灭，但不能被打败!

初中生读老人与海的600字心得体会范文2“一个人并不是生来要被打败的，你尽可以把他消灭掉，可就是打不败他。”这是一个孤军奋战的勇士——桑提亚歌的名言。他曾是一个不幸者、失败者，但同时又是一个精神上的强者、胜利者。

看完海明威写的《老人与海》这部名著我感触很多。

自信是一个人取得成功的重要心理因素。桑提亚歌极为自信，从不灰心。尽管84天没有捕到鱼，但是，“他的希望和信心，从来没有消失过。”他坚信“我的大鱼一定在什么地方”。当成批的鲨鱼跟踪劫掠他的猎物时，他明知这是一场打不赢的战斗，但仍不放弃战斗。他利用鱼钩、桨、舵把、短棍，凭着自己十二分的坚强勇气打败了鲭鲨、星鲨、犁头鲨……

人，不管遇到什么困难，都不能丧失勇气，不能用逃避的态度去对待，否则就难以摆脱困难，更别提做事能成功了。想想桑提亚歌在成群结队的鲨鱼到来前，尽可放弃战斗，放弃猎物，可他不仅没有放弃，反而创造了奇迹。这不正是因为他自信吗?在如此险恶的环境下还保持着乐观的情绪，良好的自我感觉，敢于面对现实，勇于迎接挑战。再想想自己多坐一会，就说腰酸;多走几步路，就说腿疼;饭菜不合口，就说不吃;作业多一点，就厌烦，稍难点，就不想做了，随便应付了事，有时还干脆去抄别人的……想想桑提亚歌，再想想自己，问题已不光是一句惭愧就能解决的了。

文章看完了，它教给我的东西并没有完。我将从中吸取营养，用勤奋和努力去浇灌成功之花。正如阿尔考特所说：“好书使人开卷时会有求，而闭卷时获有益处。”

初中生读老人与海的600字心得体会范文3暑假里，我读了一本好书，名叫《老人与海》。它的作者是美国的著名作家海明威，这本书是他的代表作。这本书讲述了一个“背运”的老渔夫出海84天都没有打到鱼。在第85天时，他在海上遇到了一条大鱼，经过一天一夜的坚持，他终于捕获了大鱼。在返航路上，他遇到了一群鲨鱼。他奋力与鲨鱼搏斗，杀死了几条鲨鱼。但鲨鱼最终还是把大鱼给吃完了，只留下了一副巨大得令人震惊的鱼骨。

表面上，老人没能守住那条大鱼，失败了。但实际上他获得了成功。一路上，他遇到了许多困难，但他都坚持不懈，没有退缩。虽然最终带回去的只是一副鱼骨，但是他却在种种磨难中获得了真正的胜利。他这种坚持不懈的可贵精神让我非常敬佩、感动。

联想到我自己，我在学电子琴方面就没能坚持不懈。我学习电子琴已经有五年了，考过了四级和六级。今年暑假，我就要考八级了。八级的考级曲对我而言不算很难，但速度要求非常高，至少要达到126、

经过两个学期的努力，我终于练到了90、可是接下来，我却总也练不快。速度一快，要么跟不上，要么出错。而且，每次都反反复复的练同一首曲子，我感觉很枯燥、无聊。我甚至赌气不想练琴了，不想再继续学下去了。这时，我想起了老人与海中的那位老人，他面对强壮的大鱼与庞大的鲨鱼，都没有放弃，坚持了下去，我又有什么理由放弃呢?于是，我又开始努力练习了。我相信，只要我每天坚持练习，我一定能顺利地通过考级的!

读了《老人与海》，我受益匪浅。你们也赶快来仔细读一读吧!

初中生读老人与海的600字心得体会范文4人可以被打败，但不能放弃

今天，我看了海明威的《老人与海》，书中生动的故事情节，让我对它爱不释手。

《老人与海》主要讲述了老渔夫圣地亚哥，一连出海84天，都没有捕到一条鱼。第85天，圣地亚哥出海很远，遇到了一条体型异常庞大的马林鱼。老渔夫与它“战斗”了足足两天，终于捕获了大马林鱼。没想到，在返航的途中，又遭到无数鲨鱼的袭击。老渔夫拼死抵抗，最终带着被鲨鱼撕咬得几乎只剩骨架的马林鱼回到了家。

老渔夫在抓捕大马林鱼的过程中，体现出了“硬汉”本色：即使身负重伤，行动不便，依旧不肯放弃，坚持与猎物搏斗。我想：正是心中的那一股冲劲儿和坚定的信念，才让他获得了最终的胜利，这难道不是值得我们学习的地方吗?

让我最为敬佩的是，老渔夫在与鲨鱼搏斗时，表现出的那种永不放弃的大无畏精神。面对重重困难和危险，他毫无畏惧之意，勇于拼搏，这正是老渔夫身上，那金子般闪闪发光的精神和意志。

书中有句话：“一个人可以被打败，但绝不能放弃。”这正是鼓励人们积极上进的金玉良言。看到这里，我想到了自己。在现实生活中，我是一名少先队员，是祖国未来的希望，但遇到困难时，我却时常害怕和退缩，这和坚强勇敢的老渔夫相比，真是差之千里啊!

想到这里，我不由得脸颊发烫，心中暗下决心：我一定要好好学习，在学习和生活中遇到困难，也要像老渔夫那样勇敢面对，用尽一切办法，战胜它们。如果失败了，就在跌倒处重新站起来，继续前进。

《老人与海》给了我莫大的启示，我意犹未尽，继续在书的海洋中遨游。

初中生读老人与海的600字心得体会范文5失败，在许多人的眼中是非常可怕的，它一旦猖狂起来，就能击溃人的斗志，让人彻底崩溃，失去生活的希望。如果失败战胜不了你，而是被你踩在脚下，那么，成功必定属于你。著名作家海明威在《老人与海》中塑造的那位老人就是一个敢与失败作斗争的例子。

《老人与海》主要讲了一位名叫桑地亚哥的老渔翁一次特别的打鱼经过。在连续八十四天没有打到一条鱼后，但在第二天，他非常幸运地捕获到了一条巨大的大马林鱼，那条马林鱼是他平生捕到的最大的一条鱼，那条鱼比他的小船还要长2英尺呢!马林鱼的身体大，力气自然也大。它拖着老人和小船在海上漂流了两天两夜，老人在这两天两夜中经历从来没有经历过的艰难考验。大马林鱼在大海上奋力挣扎，企图逃回大海，老人为了制服马林鱼，精疲力竭、皮开肉绽，但他并没有向大马林鱼屈服，他凭着顽强的意志，终于把大马林鱼扎死，拴在了船头。

然而，幸运并没有出现，等待老人的是更大的考验。一群嗅着血腥味而来的大鲨鱼与已经皮开肉绽的老人展开了殊死博斗。最后老人的命虽然保住了，但鲨鱼们吃光了大马林鱼，老人拖回去的最终是一副光秃秃的骨架……

人生的道路是曲折坎坷的，遇到失败是再平常不过的事，我们应该时时刻刻拥有一颗坚强、不屈服的心来面对失败。成功就一定会向我们走来。

篇9

说话的细节，看起来不大起眼，无声无息，实际上可以将观众肉眼看不见的人物的内心活动表现得细致入微。以《天堂的孩子》（又名《小鞋子》）、《天堂的颜色》、《巴伦》等影片大获成功的伊朗年轻导演马基德，马吉迪，很善于通过细节揭示人物的内心世界。影片《天堂的孩子》中，那一对可爱的兄妹家里很穷，哥哥阿里替妹妹修补好了她唯一的一双鞋子，不料，在买土豆时被人当做垃圾捡去了，他只好把自己那双破旧的大号男鞋给妹妹穿，等妹妹放学后自己再穿上这双鞋子，一路狂奔着去上学。不久，学校举行长跑比赛，第三名的奖品刚好就是一双运动鞋。阿里坚决要求参加比赛———他要得到奖品送给妹妹。结果，他无意中得了第一名，他得不到那双运动鞋了。当阿里得了第一名之后，影片中出现了这样一个细节：阿里将一双满是水泡的肿胀的脚浸到水池里，一群精灵般的金鱼游过来，轻轻地抚着他那一双脚。这转瞬即逝的无声画面告诉观众：阿里累了，累了的阿里心中感到失望，他多么需要得到安慰。这个细节饱含了编导的深情，同时，将阿里此刻的心境准确地传达了出来。

二、深化作品意蕴的细节

细节往往具有象征性，着墨不多，意味无穷。大家熟悉的美国影片《阿甘正传》的开头，银幕上缓缓飘飞、不断旋转的那一根羽毛，引起了观众的注意和沉思。它仿佛在状写阿甘的一生，又像在思索常人的命运，那样的飘忽不定，那样的起落浮沉。前两年，台湾著名话剧导演赖声川编导的《暗恋桃花源》，以它新颖的立意和后现代手法引起广泛关注。这个戏采用将《暗恋》和《桃花源》两个故事重叠和拼贴的技巧，充分表达了现代人生活中的无奈。其中，《桃花源》的打鱼人老陶喝酒和吃饼的细节耐人寻味。面对一张面饼，老陶怎么也撕不开，用刀切也切不动，气得老陶一边用脚踹，一边大叫：“这是什么饼？这根本就不是饼。”老陶、他的妻子春花、第三者袁老板三人在一起喝酒。另外两人拿起酒瓶就能把酒倒在自己的杯子里，唯独老陶，同样一瓶酒他却怎么也打不开瓶盖。这两处细节，将老陶的无奈，舞台上许多人物的无奈，乃至包括编、导、演在内的所有现代人面对无法主宰的人类历史、社会生活的无奈，表达得既巧妙含蓄又淋漓尽致。

三、渲染作品氛围的细节

篇10

The Old Man and the Sea tells the frustrated experience that the old fisherman fishes in the course. The theme is deep， and it is a song of praise of heroism. “But man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroyed but not defeated” has been the classic saying and the old man also has been the most typical and the most representative of the Hemingway’s “tough guy”. When Hemingway talked about the successful factors later， the little boy was mentioned in the same breath with the old man.

This paper starts with the details and it is pided into two main parts to discuss the indispensable roles of the little boy in the novel. It is him who helps to perform the theme of “grace under pressure”: during 40 days， the old man with the little boy went to fish but without taking a fish， when his situation was getting worse step by step， the little boy’s leaving was the heavy pressure that achieved the extreme stern for certain. However， it was so “heavy pressure” that his manner was graceful when the old man faced afterwards defeat and his optimistic， generous life attitude was worthy tasting by people carefully; it is him who plays the role of leading， inspiring to the readers， and increasing the appeal of the work， enriching the content of the work: although the little boy appears only at the beginning and the ending in the novel， there is nothing in his inner state but the old man， so his attitude and emotions towards the old man affects the readers’ emotions for the old man quietly and gradually. And it is unavoidable that his inner feeling leads and impacts the readers’ emotions.

Key words: roles; the little boy; the old man; grace under pressure; The Old Man and the Sea

摘要

《老人与海》讲述了老渔夫捕鱼过程中的坎坷经历，主题深刻，是一部英雄主义的赞歌。“一个人不是生来就要被打败的，你可以消灭他，但就是打不败他。”已经成为至理名言，老人也成为海明威式“硬汉子”的最典型、最完美的代表。当海明威谈到小说成功的因素时，曾颇为自得地将小男孩与老人相提并论。

本文拟从有关细节入手，分析讨论小男孩在《老人与海》中所起的微妙且不可或缺的作用：是他帮助表现了“重压下的优雅风度”这一主题：在老人84天没有捕到鱼，处境一步步恶化的厄运中，小男孩的离去无疑让老人的“重压”达到了极度严峻的地步，然而正是由于如此的“重压”，老人后来面对失败时的态度才可谓“优雅”，所表现的大度、乐观的人生态度才值得人们仔细地品味；是他对读者发挥着一定的牵引、打动和启发作用，从而增强了作品的感染力，丰富了作品的内涵：孩子虽然只出现在小说的首尾两处，但是孩子的内心世界里别无他物，只有老人，他对老人的态度和感情潜移默化地左右着读者对老人的感受，他的内心情感无可避免地要牵动影响着读者的情绪。

关键词：作用；小男孩；老人；重压下的优雅风度；《老人与海》

1. Introduction

1.1 About the background

Before 1952， Hemingway has met the cold shoulder and attack in the sector which lasts for nearly a decade. To rescue the declining reputation， he publishes a new work， that is， The Old Man and the Sea. He believes firmly that it is the best work he can write in his lifetime. William Faulkner considers it as the most excellent work in this generation. Because of this work Hemingway wins the Pulitzer in 1952 and the Nobel Prize for literature in 1954 which push his writing career to the peak.

The Old Man and the Sea is so important to Hemingway and the American literature that there are lots of comments about it. But the research on the little boy， Mandolin， is minimal. It seems that his role is irrelevant and unimportant to the novel. In fact， the appearance of the little boy is the emergence of a coincidence according to his role in the work.

Hemingway published a piece of communication entitled On the Blue Water in the Esquire in April， 1936. The Old Man and the Sea is written on the basic of the material. In the middle of the novel， we can always feel the existence of the boy， because the old man thinks of the little boy for more than ten times during the three intense and arduous days. Moreover， when Hemingway talked about the factors of the novel’s success later， the little boy is mentioned in the same breath with the old man that he is lucky to have a good old man and a little boy， and some writers have forgotten these things recent. This shows Hemingway lays his artistic creativity and ingenuity on the little boy. So the little boy’s role in this novel is worthy being considered by critics and readers.

1.2 About the novel

The Old Man and the Sea earned its author the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1952， and was instrumental in winning him the Nobel Prize for literature two years later. It is a short novel about Santiago， an old Cuban fisherman who has gone for 84 days without taking a fish. Therefore， the boy， Mandolin， who used to sail with him， is forced to leave him and catch in another boat. The old man insists on fishing alone and at last， he hooks an eighteen-foot， giant marlin， the largest he has ever known. But the fish is very powerful and disobedient. It tows the old man and his boat but to see for 48 hours， with the old man hearing the whole weight of the fish through the line on his back. The old man， with little food and sleep， has to endure much pain and fights against his treacherous hand cramp. To his great excitement， on his third day at sea， he succeeds in drawing the weekend marlin to the surface and harpoons it. On his way home， he lashes marlin alongside his boat because it’s too big to be pulled into the boat. But， unfortunately， the come across sharks as much might and many weapons as he can summon， but only to find a giant skeleton of his marlin left after his desperate defense. At last， Santiago， having lost what he fought for， reached the shore and struggles to his shack. He falls into sound sleep， dreaming of Africa and the lions again. His struggle wins his much respect.

2. The roles of the boy in The Old Man and the Sea

2.1 Helping show the old man’s pressure

One of the brightest spots in The Old Man and the Sea is the perfect expression of Hemingway’s quality of grace under pressure， which is composed of two factors: pressure and grace. And pressure is the premise: only under the background of pressure will the hero have the elegant manners in the real significance. These two factors are mostly shown by the little boy. To show pressure， Hemingway describes the background of the story in four levels by picturing the details when the little boy leaves the old man. In this way， he stresses the heavy pressure at the very beginning of the novel， which lays a necessary premise and an atmosphere for the so-called grace. To show the grace， Hemingway describes several details when the old man gets together with the little boy under the pressure at the beginning and the end of the novel， drawing the image and targets in describing the image of the old man.

First is the heavy pressure. The first sentence of this novel accounts the difficulties that the old man faced: the old man has been futile for 84 days. This is of course， sympathetic to people， but it is not enough to arouse people’s sympathy only by a number and the pressure it stated is also ambiguous. What’s more， the manners later discussed is difficult to move the readers and the novel’s depth will be affected while it is difficult to make a clear sense through a few words and the old man’s alone appearing in the novel. So Hemingway gives a considerable description of the little boy in order to set off a gradual deterioration situation of the old man. In this increasing pressure， the old man’s failure is particular tragic， and the manner of the old man to the failure is elegant.

At the beginning， the old man and the little boy sailed together every day， but they do not catch any fish for more than 40 days， which is quite “unlucky”，[1] this is the first layer of pressure. At this time， the boy is forced to leave the old man and catches on another boat followed his parents’ order， thus the old man is left alone in his boat which is a symbol of his failure. Obviously， failure and loneliness is the second level of pressure. The boy began to learn to fish following the old man when he is only five. The old man’s wife passed away several years ago， so the child is actual his only companion in his lonely life， and the departure of the little boy at this unfortunate moment is undoutable a heavy blow to him. Previously， it has said that the little boy does not appear in the material on which the story based. The little boy is imaged by Hemingway as the sole partner and assistant of the old man， and then takes him away from the old man mercilessly， which is the so-called “giving it before taking it”. In this way， the old man’s miserable situation becomes even worse. Moreover， after the boy’s leaving， the old man does not catch any fish for 44 days which makes bear an almost desperate feeling. This is the third level of pressure. Although the first and third level of the pressure having nothing to do with the little boy， the boy’s leaving pides the 84 days into three levels to increase the pressure layer by layer， thereby creating a sense of more and more， dignified.

On the other hand， “the boy has gone at their order in another boat which caught three good fish the first week” [2]， after his leaving， so it forms a sharp contrast between the old man’s deteriorate fate and the little boy’s. As we all known， the fishermen all believe in the luck very much. In the novel， Hemingway deliberately uses the word “salao” and stresses it is the superior degree of the “unlucky”. And we can see that the old man also believes firmly in fortune from the words he usually uses such as “lucky”， “gamble”， “take your chance”， [3] and the detail that he buys lottery tickets to bet on his fortune. Thus， it is common to others if they catch fish with a sudden transit， but the White House meets the little boy who has followed the old man for 40 days “without taking a fish”. [4]It is more certain that the old man is being in “unlucky” [5] according to the fishermen’s opinion. Beyond any doubt， it is a heavy blow to the old man and almost puts him into despair. Although here Hemingway can keep calm a distance from his own feelings when he describes the hero of the novel， it is not difficult for the readers understand to the old man’s situation—full of failure， loneliness， embarrassment， and nearly in despair only because he is able to describes accurately the details which can arose the readers’ feeling in an appropriate order. It is this pressure that force the old man to “go far to fish”，[6] therefore having the following experience.

Hemingway’s story has once been accused that the scenes are too narrow. But not all the literary works must pursue a grand scene. Here Hemingway put a lonely old man into a confined environment in order to match the hero’s real situation. What’s more， although the scene is limited， it can also show the author’s originality if he may arrange the content well in this limited scene. It is thus method that makes the beginning of the novel more wonderful. Here Hemingway uses a unique scent way to sympathy to his hero. We can fell his sympathy for the people with deserves sympathy. This is Hemingway’s style.

2.2 Offering a method to perform the old man’s grace

Pressure has been stated， but how the old man’s grace is performed vividly in the novel， it is not exact to say that the grace is only lies in the brave and tenacity in his fight with fish. Grace is not a simple or notional thing but always reflected in people’s inner and external behaviors especially in facing with difficulties， while the boy in this novel offers an important way to represent the old man’s grace.

Although， the old man lives under a heavy pressure， he always has a natural and unaffected attitude. The child has learnt fishing skills following the old man when he was 5 years old. And now the old man is at low ebb in his life and is trapped by bad luck， but the child leaves him and gets a great success in another boat. If this happens on others， even they do not hate the child， there will be an unbalance in their heart. But the old man shows his broad mind and understanding. He says to the boy: “I know you leave me not because you do not believe me.”[7] When the little boy leaves him at his parents’ order and catches another boat， the old man says: “I know， it is quite normal.”[8] Having no result after three days hard working but when he is told that the boy has a harvest every day in these days， however， he does not feel any unpleasant at all. Instead， he feels happy for him and remarks “very good” [9] immediately. In addition， although the old man is isolate and unlucky， he is not in a spirit of sensitive to the concern of others. By contrary， he accepts the boy’s care calmly. He does not take it for granted that students ought to care teachers， but views the child as his peer and partner. The little boy also worries about if the old man has become over-sensitive in such an embarrassed situation. Therefore， he asks tentatively whether the old man is willing to drink a cup of beer with him or not. And the old man agreed: “why not?” “Between fishermen” [10] While they are drinking， many fishermen laugh at the old man， but he does not become angry. After drinking， the old man says to the boy: “you bought me a beer.” “You are already a man.”[11] These details show that the old man is reasonable， amiable and kind-hearted as well as has a natural and healthy life attitude. His understanding for life has reached a simple and natural realm. This is the grace.

Secondly， the old man has another minute side in his character. Actually， the old man is the model of Hemingway’s “tough guy”， but it does not mean that he is a stubborn fool or dumb cow. Let us see how he wakes the child up in the morning. “He took told of one foot gently and held it until the boy woke and turned and looked at him”[12]， but his warmth does not affect his image of “tough guy” at all. On the contrary， the background of standing great pressure in spirit just makes the old man’s grace keeping in the balance of hard and soft.

The old man has a confident and optimistic life attitude in the novel. In fact， the old man would like to let the boy return to him very much in his mind. But when the boy asks to return to the boat by himself， the old man rejects: “no you are with a lucky boat， stay with them.” “If you were my boy. I would take you out and gamble. But you are your father’s and your mother’s and you are in a lucky boat.”[13] Because the boy’s leaving is falling his parents’ order， the old man does not want to put him in a embarrass situation and let the boy get a little bad luck from him which reflects his high spirit of responsibility towards the child. When the child says it again after the old man’s return， he rejects him out of the same consideration. As the child’s insisting， the old man accepts him calmly and then makes a plan to their following fish. However， the change of the old man’s attitude is not conflicting seeing from the surface， the old man still remains nothing at last， and the whole cycle is from failure to failure. But it is different between the beginning and the end after three days’ hardship and thought. He has a better understanding to the sea， the human， the fish and himself. Therefore， he has enough confidence to accept the child’s return and， feels that it is necessary to create a new future together with the boy. The old man’s acceptance reflects that Hemingway’s art and philosophy has always tended to return to the society， especially from 1937 on. This is the perfect integration of the personality and social.

转贴于 2.3 The little boy is the best complement to the old man’s character

As for Hemingway’s “tough guy”， some critics pointed out that as the heroic manner is too conspicuous， which determined their actions is quite obvious and sometimes it caused the figures thinking abstract and isolated. However， in The Old Man and the Sea， the image of the old man is entire because the author arranges a little boy purposely and describes him in a great deal of details. Thus， the grace of the old man becomes more realistic and vivid， which of course should be attributed to the existence of the little boy.

In addition to describe the old man through the boy’s and his eyes， Hemingway also draws a directive and detailed description of the boy’s character. In this way， it reveals the old man’s character charm from another standpoint which shows a optimistic trend in the end of the novel. The boy began to learn to fish at the age of 5， which is the age that the children begins to have memories about things. Therefore， in the process of the boy’s character’s shaping， the old man inevitably occupied an important position. Hemingway’s description about the boy’s personality is actually a complement to perform the old man’s character.

Although the boy is young， he is not boyish. He learns the fishing skills， also inherits the spirit of the self-esteem and self-reliant from the old man. After several years living with the old man， he has understood the hardship of life and the duty of a man. Here there is a detail: the boy is very little， at the age of sleepy， after the old man wakes him up， he is sleepy when he goes out of the door. In such a young age he has to face the reality of the life， which obviously causes people’s sympathy in their hearts. But the boy does not mind it， his tender shoulder has already accustomed to the lives’ responsibility and he regards it is what a man must do. The words are so sonorous and forceful to driver a sound. Its auditor must have followers. The pupil is like this， let alone the master! Here the boy’s personality to set off the old man’s. it provides an indispensable preclude to draw the perfect image of the “tough guy”. As a result， the heroic mettle of the old man appears logically.

At the end of The Old Man and the Sea， Hemingway expresses his optimistic tendency to life by the symbolic meaning of the boy’s return at last. The little boy decides to return to the old man even ignoring his father’s authority and the fishermen’s superstition about the luck:

“The hell with luck.” the boy said. “

I will bring the luck with me.”

What will your family say?”[14]

“I don’t care. I caught two yesterday. But we will fish together now for I still have much to learn.”[15]

Before the boy’s return， it is just a isolated struggle of the old man. Therefore， no matter how it is brave， it is not enough to be a source of optimism. Hemingway has convinced for several decades that: life is a lonely struggle and there is nothing meaningful behind it. So some critics point out: the figures written by Hemingway all go to the old way---exploration， loneliness， the result is a dead end. But this pattern changes in The Old Man and the Sea; the old man not only has a follow but also can find the support of the boy. And the return of the boy is his new starting---the boy becomes more and more mature in the fluencies of the old man’s heroic spirit: In this sense， The Old Man and the Sea is oriented to the future. At the end of the novel， Hemingway deals with the boy， which shows that: he is returning to his starting point through a new path.

Carlos. Baker points out that: in a certain sense， the child and the old man symbolized the youth and the elderly of the human. In the old man’s subconscious， the child is another stage of his life. Because it is impossible for a person to dream two stages of himself in one dream， so though the child stays with him all day， he never dreams the boy. Therefore the child’s return means that human being’s intelligence and mental strength will be passed on from generation to generation， which is the novel’s optimism lies in， also is Hemingway’s lifelong pursuit and the highest expression of the “tough guy’s spirit”. It is the reason why the boy can not be taken place by the women having the same age of the old man， like Catharine (the heroine of Farewell to Arms) or Albright (the heroine of The Sun Also Rises). Because the same aged women and men are in the parallel or antagonistic concept， and can not express the continual optimism， which is an important distinction between The Old Man and the Sea and the other works of Hemingway’s. The boy’s return alights the novel and enriches the content of the work， which inspires readers to make a further exploration on the meaning and tendency of the work.

There are many different views about whether there are symbols or not in this novel. Hemingway once wrote to his friend， Bernard Bryson: there is not any symbol， the sea is the sea， the old man is the old man， the child is the child， and fish is fish， what people says about symbolism is nonsense. In fact， the reason for saying like this is that he wants to oppose that kind of rhetoric， unfounded and so—called symbolism. Objectively speaking， symbolism is often stressed the symbolic nature of the whole work， however， Hemingway is too outright to be the symbolism. But this does not mean that there is no symbolism and symbolic significance in his works. The symbolism， as a whole and the symbolic method as an rhetoric method are two different concepts. Hemingway acknowledges later in public that there are symbolic methods in his works， he explains that he tries to portray a real old man， a real child， a real sea， a real fish and real sharks. If he can picture them very well and realistically， they will mean many things. Here what he says that mean many things is actually a symbolic meaning， which is based on the profound understanding of the novel. Of course， we can not view a realistic novel as a symbolic one just because it applies some symbolic methods; meanwhile， we can not deny there are symbolisms in a word just because it is a realistic novel.

3. The roles in moving and inspiring readers

In this novel， the second important role of the boy is that he leads and inspires the readers. Hemingway’s direct describing of the little boy does not only reveal the boy’s simple and complex emotion towards the old man， but also portray the boy’s personality in order to enhance the effective of the work and rich the content of the work.

3.1 The little boy’s emotion

In The Old Man and the Sea， in a certain extent， especially at the beginning and the end of the novel， the boy is much close to the readers than the old man. So the boy’s feeling is inevitable to lead and impact the readers` emotion. There is nothing in the boy’s inner state but the old man. His attitude and emotions towards the old man affects the readers` emotion for the old man quietly and gradually. So Carlos Baker once said that the boy has a role to make people pay more sympathy to the old man. Because at the beginning and the end of the novel， we see the old man in the boy’s eyes which fills with respect and sympathy. But in fact， the boy’s respect and sympathy towards the old man is not static in his inner state ode mind. His emotion goes along a deeper and deeper trajectory which is from sympathy to heartache; and such kind of feeling becomes stronger and stronger， at last rising to the peak and bursting out， “he started to cry” [16]. The fluctuations of the boy’s inner world affect the readers’ emotion unknowingly. The emotional changes of the boy can be pided into 3stages.

3.2 The little boy’s sympathy in the static stage

The boy’s sympathy for the old man is very simple and plain: “the old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him” [17]. The boy remains concerned about the old man after getting lucky in another boat. He can not feel happy even when he gets achieves quite good grades because of the old man’s hardship， which reflects the boy’s sincere emotion for the old man. It made the boy sad to see the old man come in each day with his skiff empty. He wants to return to the old man. After the old man’s several rejections， he still wants to help the old man to do something. It is unbootable that the boy’s deep and simple emotion has branded deeply in the mind of the readers by the first impression.

3.3 The little boy’s respect and worry in the subtle， fluctuating stage

The little boy shows his respect for the old man all the time. He memorized the past experience of lucky and unlucky together with the old man， he regards the old man as the best fisherman， an unusual fisherman. The boy’s respect to the old man does not reduce because of the old man’s frustration. It is the boy’s encouragement in spirit that support the old man to go on struggle impregnably. Later the old man realizes that if it is not the child， he has already finished.

Although the boy hopes that the old man can create another brilliant prospect ion， he worries about the old man’s psychological condition as well. He is afraid of that the old man is so old and feeble that he can’t bear the difficulties alone， sometimes he also reveals his worries:“I’ll try to get him to work far out. Then if you hook something truly big we can come to you aid.”[18]These common words seem random but is a good wish of good luck which leads the readers attention to the uncertain sea.

3.4 The little boy’s affirmation in the outbreak stage

The old man returns from the sea exhausted and ragged both in physically and mentally， enduring all kinds of hardships and difficulties in three days， he catches a big fish which has a special meaning for him， unfortunately， the big fish is gnawed by sharks and left a pair of huge skeleton. The victory gains nothing， the results is disappointed. But the boy’s eyes do not stay on the pale skeleton only; he perceives the success that the old man ever achieved from the failure:

“They beat me， Manolin，”he said.

“They truly beat me.”

“He didn’t beat you. Not the fish.”[19]

What the boy said is a fact. That is the boy’s affirmation in his deep mind which is also the old man’s wish of proving he is unusual. But the boy’s attitude to the old man’s return is not only positive. After all， the old man returns in empty-hand， and badly bruised， so when the boy sees the old man’s hands， he can not help tearing full of the face. But what he feels heartache is not only the blooding hands， but what even more distressing is that the old man’s fish which symbolizes the victory has been gnawed by sharks which make the old man feels more disappointed after 84 days failure. The emotion of the boy breaks out at this time because of the greatest pain in his heart. He starts to cry and does not care how others will look at him， and his crying hits readers’ hearts even weeps still after they finished their reading.

4. Conclusion

From the above discussion， we can see that the little boy is essential to the novel in two aspects: in helping to show the old man’s so-called “grace under pressure” and to move and inspire the readers. It is not exaggerated to say that the work could not be the work we see now without the child. The image of the child is clear and discernible in readers’ mind， the more description of the boy， the stronger feeling we feel of the old man. The boy is just like the snow at the top of the mountain. The mountain becomes deeper and more valiant because of the existence of the snow. The old man is like the mountain， it is unnecessary for him to talk too much， because the readers can feel him when they read the little boy. Notes

[1] ---- [19] The Old Man and the Sea， Simon & Schuster Inc. 1995

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