双语童话范文

导语：如何才能写好一篇双语童话，这就需要搜集整理更多的资料和文献，欢迎阅读由公务员之家整理的十篇范文，供你借鉴。

篇1

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

At the time when our Lord still walked on earth, he and Saint Peter stopped one evening at a smith's and were gladly given lodging1. Now it happened that a poor beggar, hard pressed by age and infirmity, came to this house and begged alms of the smith.

Peter had compassion2 and said, "Lord and master, if it please you, cure his ailments3, that he may earn his own bread."

The Lord said gently, "Smith, lend me your forge and put some coals on for me, and then I will make this sick old man young again."

The smith was quite willing. Saint Peter pumped the bellows4, and when the coal fire sparkled up large and high, our Lord took the little old man, pushed him into the forge in the middle of the red fire, so that he glowed like a rosebush, and praised God with a loud voice.

After that the Lord went to the quenching-tub, put the glowing little man into it so that the water closed over him, and after he had carefully cooled him, he gave him his blessing5, when, behold6, the little man sprang nimbly out, looking fresh, upright, healthy, and as if he were twenty years old.

The smith, who had watched everything closely and attentively7, invited them all to supper. Now he had an old half-blind, hunchbacked mother-in-law. She went to the youth and asked earnestly if the fire had burned him much.

He answered that he had never felt better, and that he had sat in the glowing coals as if he had been in cool dew.

The youth's words echoed in the the old woman's ears all night long, and early the next morning, after the Lord had gone on his way again and had heartily8 thanked the smith, the latter thought he might make his old mother-in-law young again in the same way, for he had watched everything very carefully, and it used the skills of his trade. Therefore he called to her, asking her if she, too, would like to go prancing9 about like an eighteen-year-old girl.

Because the youth had come out of it so well, she said, "With all my heart."

So the smith made a large fire, and pushed the old woman into it. She twisted about this way and that, uttering horrible cries of murder.

"Sit still. Why are you screaming and jumping about so? I still have to blow the fire hotter," he cried, then pumped the bellows again, until all her rags were all afire.

The old woman cried without ceasing, and the smith thought to himself, "It's not going exactly right." Then he took her out and threw her into the quenching-tub. She screamed so loudly that the smith's wife upstairs and her daughter-in-law heard it, and they both ran downstairs, and saw the old woman lying in a heap in the tub, howling and screaming, with her face wrinkled and shriveled and all out of shape.

The two, who were both with child, were so terrified with this that that very night they gave birth to two boys who were not shaped like humans but like apes. They ran into the woods, and from them came the race of apes. #p#副标题#e#

当我们的主还在地上巡视时，有一天晚上，他带着圣彼得到一个铁匠家投宿，铁匠倒还乐意。这时碰巧来了位乞丐，年迈体弱，精神不振，样子十分可怜，他求铁匠施舍点东西给他，圣彼得很同情他，说：“主呀，如果你愿意，请帮他治一下病吧，让他能够自己挣得食物。”

上帝非常和蔼地说：“师傅，请把你的铁炉借我用一下，加些炭在里面，我要把这老乞丐炼得年轻些。”铁匠非常乐意，圣彼得便拉起风箱，上帝把乞丐推进炉火中的最旺处，老人在里面烧得像玫瑰般通红，口里还大声讚美着上帝。过了一会儿，上帝踏到水槽前，把这烧红的人放了进去浸在水中，等他冷却后，上帝就向他祝福。过了一会儿，那小个子老人一跃而出，面目一新了，他显得那样挺直、健康，就像一位二十岁的小伙子。

铁匠在一旁仔细地瞧着，请他们一起吃了晚饭。铁匠有位半瞎背驼的老岳母，她走到年轻人的跟前，仔细地瞧着，问他炉火可曾烧了他。那人告诉他从来没有这般舒服过，立在炉火中，就像沐浴在清凉的露水中一样。那年青人的话在老妇人的耳边响了一整夜。第二天早上，上帝准备上路了，他感谢了铁匠，铁匠认为他也能把自己的老岳母变得年轻些，因为昨天的一切他都看在眼里。於是他问岳母是否也想变成个十八岁的少女跳来跳去。

篇2

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

Once upon a time there was a man and a woman who had long, but to no avail, wished for a child. Finally the woman came to believe that the good Lord would fulfill1 her wish. Through the small rear window of these people's house they could see into a splendid garden that was filled with the most beautiful flowers and herbs. The garden was surrounded by a high wall, and no one dared enter, because it belonged to a sorceress who possessed2 great power and was feared by everyone.

One day the woman was standing3 at this window, and she saw a bed planted with the most beautiful rapunzel. It looked so fresh and green that she longed for some. It was her greatest desire to eat some of the rapunzel. This desire increased with every day, and not knowing how to get any, she became miserably4 ill.

Her husband was frightened, and asked her, "What ails5 you, dear wife?"

"Oh," she answered, " if I do not get some rapunzel from the garden behind our house, I shall die."

The man, who loved her dearly, thought, "Before you let your wife die, you must get her some of the rapunzel, whatever the cost."

So just as it was getting dark he climbed over the high wall into the sorceress's garden, hastily dug up a handful of rapunzel, and took it to his wife. She immediately made a salad from it, which she devoured6 eagerly. It tasted so very good to her that by the next day her desire for more had grown threefold. If she were to have any peace, the man would have to climb into the garden once again. Thus he set forth7 once again just as it was getting dark. But no sooner than he had climbed over the wall than, to his horror, he saw the sorceress standing there before him.

"How can you dare," she asked with an angry look, "to climb into my garden and like a thief to steal my rapunzel? You will pay for this."

"Oh," he answered, "Let mercy overrule justice. I cam to do this out of necessity. My wife saw your rapunzel from our window, and such a longing8 came over her, that she would die, if she did not get some to eat."

The sorceress's anger abated9 somewhat, and she said, "If things are as you say, I will allow you to take as much rapunzel as you want. But under one condition: You must give me the child that your wife will bring to the world. It will do well, and I will take care of it like a mother."

In his fear the man agreed to everything.

When the woman gave birth, the sorceress appeared, named the little girl Rapunzel, and took her away. Rapunzel became the most beautiful child under the sun. When she was twelve years old, the fairy locked her in a tower that stood in a forest and that had neither a door nor a stairway, but only a tiny little window at the very top.

When the sorceress wanted to enter, she stood below and called out: Rapunzel, Rapunzel, Let down your hair to me. Rapunzel had splendid long hair, as fine as spun10 gold. When she heard the sorceress's voice, she untied11 her braids, wound them around a window hook, let her hair fall twenty yards to the ground, and the sorceress climbed up it.

A few years later it happened that a king's son was riding through the forest. As he approached the tower he heard a song so beautiful that he stopped to listen. It was Rapunzel, who was passing the time by singing with her sweet voice. The prince wanted to climb up to her, and looked for a door in the tower, but none was to be found.

He rode home, but the song had so touched his heart that he returned to the forest every day and listened to it. One time, as he was thus standing behind a tree, he saw the sorceress approach, and heard her say: Rapunzel, Rapunzel, Let down your hair. Then Rapunzel let down her strands12 of hair, and the sorceress climbed up them to her.

"If that is the ladder into the tower, then sometime I will try my luck."

And the next day, just as it was beginning to get dark, he went to the tower and called out: Rapunzel, Rapunzel, Let down your hair. The hair fell down, and the prince climbed up.

At first Rapunzel was terribly frightened when a man such as she had never seen before came in to her. However, the prince began talking to her in a very friendly manner, telling her that his heart had been so touched by her singing that he could have no peace until he had seen her in person. Then Rapunzel lost her fear, and when he asked her if she would take him as her husband, she thought, "He would rather have me than would old Frau Gothel." She said yes and placed her hand into his. She said, "I would go with you gladly, but I do not know how to get down. Every time that you come, bring a strand13 of silk, from which I will weave a ladder. When it is finished I will climb down, and you can take me away on your horse. They arranged that he would come to her every evening, for the old woman came by day.

The sorceress did not notice what was happening until one day Rapunzel said to her, "Frau Gothel, tell me why it is that you are more difficult to pull up than is the young prince, who will be arriving any moment now?"

"You godless child," cried the sorceress. "What am I hearing from you? I thought I had removed you from the whole world, but you have deceived me nonetheless."

In her anger she grabbed Rapunzel's beautiful hair, wrapped it a few times around her left hand, grasped a pair of scissors with her right hand, and snip14 snap, cut it off. And she was so unmerciful that she took Rapunzel into a wilderness15 where she suffered greatly.

On the evening of the same day that she sent Rapunzel away, the fairy tied the cut-off hair to the hook at the top of the tower, and when the prince called out: Rapunzel, Rapunzel, Let down your hair. she let down the hair.

The prince climbed up, but above, instead of his beloved Rapunzel, he found the sorceress, who peered at him with poisonous and evil looks.

"Aha!" she cried scornfully. "You have come for your Mistress Darling, but that beautiful bird is no longer sitting in her nest, nor is she singing any more. The cat got her, and will scratch your eyes out as well. You have lost Rapunzel. You will never see her again."

The prince was overcome with grief, and in his despair he threw himself from the tower. He escaped with his life, but the thorns into which he fell poked16 out his eyes. Blind, he wandered about in the forest, eating nothing but grass and roots, and doing nothing but weeping and wailing17 over the loss of his beloved wife. Thus he wandered about miserably for some years, finally happening into the wilderness where Rapunzel lived miserably with the twins that she had given birth to.

He heard a voice and thought it was familiar. He advanced toward it, and as he approached, Rapunzel recognized him, and crying, through her arms around his neck. Two of her tears fell into his eyes, and they became clear once again, and he could see as well as before. He led her into his kingdom, where he was received with joy, and for a long time they lived happily and satisfied.

从前有一个男人和一个女人，他俩一直想要个孩子，可总也得不到。最后，女人只好希望上帝能赐给她一个孩子。他们家的屋子后面有个小窗户，从那里可以看到一个美丽的花园，里面长满了奇花异草。可是，花园的周围有一道高墙，谁也不敢进去，因为那个花园属於一个女巫。这个女巫的法力非常大，世界上人人都怕她。一天，妻子站在窗口向花园望去，看到一块菜地上长着非常漂亮的莴苣。这些莴苣绿油油、水灵灵的，立刻就勾起了她的食欲，非常想吃它们。这种欲望与日俱增，而当知道自己无论如何也吃不到的时候，她变得非常憔悴，脸色苍白，痛苦不堪。她丈夫吓坏了，问她：「亲爱的，你哪里不舒服呀？「啊，她回答，「我要是吃不到我们家后面那个园子里的莴苣，我就会死掉的。丈夫因为非常爱她，便想：「与其说让妻子去死，不如给她弄些莴苣来，管它会发生甚么事情呢。黄昏时分，他翻过围墙，溜进了女巫的花园，飞快地拔了一把莴苣，带回来给她妻子吃。妻子立刻把莴苣做成色拉，狼吞虎嚥地吃了下去。这莴苣的味道真是太好了，第二天她想吃的莴苣居然比前一天多了两倍。为了满足妻子，丈夫只好决定再次翻进女巫的园子。於是，黄昏时分，他偷偷地溜进了园子，可他刚从墙上爬下来，就吓了一跳，因为他看到女巫就站在他的面前。「你好大的胆子，她怒气沖沖地说，「竟敢溜进我的园子来，像个贼一样偷我的莴苣！「唉，他回答，「可怜可怜我，饶了我吧。我是没办法才这样做的。我妻子从窗口看到了你园子中的莴苣，想吃得要命，吃不到就会死掉的。女巫听了之后气慢慢消了一些，对他说：「如果事情真像你说的这样，我可以让你随便采多少莴苣，但我有一个条件：你必须把你妻子将要生的孩子交给我。我会让她过得很好的，而且会像妈妈一样对待她。丈夫由於害怕，只好答应女巫的一切条件。妻子刚刚生下孩子，女巫就来了，给孩子取了个名字叫「莴苣，然后就把孩子带走了。

「莴苣慢慢长成了天底下最漂亮的女孩。孩子十二岁那年，女巫把她关进了一座高塔。这座高塔在森林里，既没有楼梯也没有门，只是在塔顶上有一个小小的窗户。每当女巫想进去，她就站在塔下叫道：

「莴苣，莴苣，

把你的头发垂下来。

莴苣姑娘长着一头金丝般浓密的长发。一听到女巫的叫声，她便松开她的发辫，把顶端绕在一个窗钩上，然后放下来二十公尺。女巫便顺着这长发爬上去。

一两年过去了。有一天，王子骑马路过森林，刚好经过这座塔。这时，他突然听到美妙的歌声，不由得停下来静静地听着。唱歌的正是莴苣姑娘，她在寂寞中只好靠唱歌来打发时光。王子想爬到塔顶上去见她，便四处找门，可怎么也没有找到。他回到了宫中，那歌声已经深深地打动了他，他每天都要骑马去森林里听。一天，他站在一棵树后，看到女巫来了，而且听到她冲着塔顶叫道：

「莴苣，莴苣，

把你的头发垂下来。

莴苣姑娘立刻垂下她的发辫，女巫顺着它爬了上去。王子想：「如果那就是让人爬上去的梯子，我也可以试试我的运气。第二天傍晚，他来到塔下叫道：

「莴苣，莴苣，

把你的头发垂下来。

头发立刻垂了下来，王子便顺着爬了上去。

莴苣姑娘看到爬上来的是一个男人时，真的大吃一惊，因为她还从来没有看到过男人。但是王子和蔼地跟她说话，说他的心如何如何被她的歌声打动，一刻也得不到安宁，非要来见她。莴苣姑娘慢慢地不再感到害怕，而当他问她愿不愿意嫁给他时，她见王子又年轻又英俊，便想：「这个人肯定会比那教母更喜欢我。她於是就答应了，并把手伸给王子。她说：「我非常愿意跟你一起走，可我不知道怎么下去。你每次来的时候都给我带一根丝线吧，我要用丝线编一个梯子。等到梯子编好了，我就爬下来，你就把我抱到你的马背上。因为老女巫总是在白天来，所以他俩商定让王子每天傍晚时来。女巫甚么也没有发现，直到有一天莴苣姑娘问她：「我问你，教母，我拉你的时候怎么总觉得你比那个年轻的王子重得多？他可是一下子就上来了。「啊！你这坏孩子！女巫嚷道，「你在说甚么？我还以为你与世隔绝了呢，却不想你竟然骗了我！她怒气沖沖地一把抓住莴苣姑娘漂亮的辫子，在左手上缠了两道，又用右手操起一把剪刀，喳喳喳几下，美丽的辫子便落在了地上。然后，她又狠心地把莴苣姑娘送到一片荒野中，让她淒惨痛苦地生活在那里。

莴苣姑娘被送走的当天，女巫把剪下来的辫子绑在塔顶的窗钩上。王子走来喊道：

「莴苣，莴苣，

篇3

A poor man had so many children that he had already asked everyone in the world to be godfather, and when still another child was born, no one else was left whom he could ask. He did not know what to do, and, in his sorrow, he lay down and fell asleep. Then he dreamed that he should go outside the gate and ask the first person he met to be godfather. When he awoke he decided1 to obey his dream, and he went outside the gate and asked the first person who came his way to be godfather.

The stranger gave him a little bottle of water, and said, "This is miraculous2 water. You can heal the sick with it. But you must see where Death is standing3. If he is standing by the patient's head, give the patient some of the water and he will be healed, but if Death is standing by his feet all efforts will be in vain, for then the sick man must die."

From this time forth4, the man could always say whether a patient could be saved or not. He became famous for his skill, and earned a great deal of money. Once he was called in to the king's child, and when he entered, he saw Death standing by the child's head, and he cured it with the water. The same thing happened a second time, but the third time Death was standing by its feet, so the child had to die.

Now the man wanted to visit his godfather one time and tell him what had happened with the water. He entered the house, but the strangest things were going on there. On the first flight of stairs, the dustpan and the broom were fighting, and violently hitting one other.

He asked them, "Where does the godfather live?"

The broom answered, "Up one more flight of stairs."

When he came to the second flight, he saw a heap of dead fingers lying. He asked, "Where does the godfather live?"

One of the fingers answered, "Up one more flight of stairs."

On the third flight lay a heap of dead men's heads, and they directed him still another flight higher. On the fourth flight, he saw fish on the fire, sizzling in a pan and baking themselves. They too said, "Up one more flight of stairs."

And when he had climbed the fifth, he came to the door of a room and peeped through the keyhole. There he saw the godfather who had a pair of long horns. When he opened the door and went in, the godfather quickly got into bed and covered himself up.

The man then said, "Godfather, sir, strange things are going on in your house. When I came to your first flight of stairs, the dustpan and the broom were fighting, and violently hitting one another."

"How stupid you are," said the godfather. "That was the servant-boy and the maid talking to each other."

"But on the second flight I saw dead fingers lying there."

"Oh, how silly you are. Those were some roots of scorzonera."

"On the third flight lay a heap of dead men's heads."

Foolish man, those were heads of cabbage."

"On the fourth flight I saw fish in a pan, which were sizzling and baking themselves." When he had said that, the fish came and served themselves up.

"And when I got to the fifth flight, I peeped through the keyhole of a door, and there, Godfather, I saw you and you had long, long horns."

"Oh, that is not true."

The man became frightened and ran out, and if he had not done so, who knows what the godfather would have done to him?

从前有个人，他孩子太多，已经请过世界上所有的人当孩子们的教父了。可又有个孩子即将出世，显然没人可请了，他不知道如何是好，只好疲惫地躺下睡了。梦中他梦见自己出了门，请遇到的第一个人当孩子的教父。醒来时他决定照梦中的指点办，因而出了大门，在那儿碰到一个陌生人，於是请他当教父。很多年后，教父送给教子一杯水，告诉他：「这是杯神水，可以治好任何人的病。不过你要看清死神站在病人的哪一头，如果站在病人头前，给病人喝点这种水，他就会痊癒；如果他站在病人脚后，一切努力都将白费，他必死无疑。从此，教子就能判断病人是否有救，并因此出了名，也挣了大钱。有一次国王请他去给他孩子治病，他看到死神站在孩子头前，就用神水治好了孩子的病；第二次也是这样。

第三次死神站到了孩子脚边，他便知道孩子非死不可了。

有一次他想见见这位教父，告诉他自己用神水取得的成就。当他来到教父家时，看到了世界上最古怪的事：扫把和铁锹在头一段楼梯上吵架，并且猛打对方。他问它们：「教父住在哪儿？扫把回答说：「在很多楼梯上面。他上到第二段楼梯，看到一堆死手指。他问它们：「教父住在哪儿？其中一个手指回答说：「再上一层楼。三楼是一堆死人头，它们也说教父住在上面一层。他在四楼看到各种各样的鱼在火上烤着，它们也说：「再上一层楼。他来到五楼，看到有扇门，就从锁孔往里看，结果看到了长着两只长长的犄角的教父。他推开门走了进去，教父急忙躺到床上，用被子把自己盖上。这人说：「教父先生，您的房子多奇怪呀！我在一楼看到扫把和铁锹又吵又打。

篇4

The Golden Key

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

Once in the wintertime when the snow was very deep， a poor boy had to go out and fetch wood on a sled. After he had gathered it together and loaded it， he did not want to go straight home， because he was so frozen1， but instead to make a fire and warm himself a little first. So he scraped2 the snow away， and while he was thus clearing the ground he found a small golden key. Now he believed that where there was a key， there must also be a lock， so he dug in the ground and found a little iron chest. “If only the key fits！” he thought. “Certainly there are valuable things in the chest.” He looked， but there was no keyhole. Finally he found one， but so small that it could scarcely3 be seen. He tried the key， and fortunately it fitted. Then he turned it once， and now we must wait until he has finished unlocking4 it and has opened the lid. Then we shall find out what kind of wonderful things there were in the little chest.

隆冬，积雪覆盖大地，一个贫苦的小男孩不得不出门，滑着雪橇去拾柴。拣到柴，把它们捆起来后，小男孩多么希望他不必立刻回家，能就地升上一堆火暖暖身子啊，他快冻僵了。於是他把雪扒到一边，清理出一块地方来，这时他发现了一把小小的金钥匙。他想，既然钥匙在，锁也一定就在附近，便往地里挖，挖出了个铁盒子。“要是这钥匙能配这铁锁就好了！”他想，“那小盒子里一定有许多珍宝。”他找了找，却找不到锁眼。最后他发现了一个小孔，小得几乎看不见。他试了试，钥匙正好能。他转动了钥匙，现在我们要等一等，待他把铁盒子打开，揭开盖子，就会知道盒子里有甚么好东西了。

篇5

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

A king had a daughter who was beautiful beyond all measure, but at the same time so proud and arrogant1 that no suitor was good enough for her. She rejected one after the other, ridiculing2 them as well.

Once the king sponsored a great feast and invited from far and near all the men wanting to get married. They were all placed in a row according to their rank and standing3. First came the kings, then the grand dukes, then the princes, the earls, the barons4, and the aristocracy. Then the king's daughter was led through the ranks, but she objected to something about each one. One was too fat: "The wine barrel," she said. Another was too tall: "Thin and tall, no good at all." The third was too short: "Short and thick is never quick." The fourth was too pale: "As pale as death." The fifth too red: "A prize rooster." The sixth was not straight enough: "Green wood, dried behind the stove."

And thus she had some objection to each one, but she ridiculed6 especially one good king who stood at the very top of the row, and whose chin had grown a little crooked7. "Look!" she cried out, laughing, "He has a chin like a thrush's beak8." And from that time he was called Thrushbeard.

Now the old king, seeing that his daughter did nothing but ridicule5 the people, making fun of all the suitors who were gathered there, became very angry, and he swore that she should have for her husband the very first beggar to come to his door.

A few days later a minstrel came and sang beneath the window, trying to earn a small handout9.

When the king heard him he said, "Let him come up."

So the minstrel, in his dirty, ragged10 clothes, came in and sang before the king and his daughter, and when he was finished he asked for a small gift.

The king said, "I liked your song so much that I will give you my daughter for a wife."

The king's daughter took fright, but the king said, "I have taken an oath to give you to the very first beggar, and I will keep it."

Her protests did not help. The priest was called in, and she had to marry the minstrel at once. After that had happened the king said, "It is not proper for you, a beggar's wife, to stay in my palace any longer. All you can do now is to go away with your husband."

The beggar led her out by the hand, and she had to leave with him, walking on foot.

They came to a large forest, and she asked, "Who owns this beautiful forest?"

"It belongs to King Thrushbeard. If you had taken him, it would be yours."

"Oh, I am a miserable11 thing; If only I'd taken the Thrushbeard King."

Afterwards they crossed a meadow, and she asked again, "Who owns this beautiful green meadow?"

"It belongs to king Thrushbeard. If you had taken him, it would be yours."

"Oh, I am a miserable thing; If only I'd taken the Thrushbeard King."

Then they walked through a large town, and she asked again, "Who owns this beautiful large town?"

"It belongs to king Thrushbeard. If you had taken him, it would be yours."

"Oh, I am a miserable thing; If only I'd taken the Thrushbeard King."

"I do not like you to always be wishing for another husband," said the minstrel. "Am I not good enough for you?"

At last they came to a very little hut, and she said, "Oh goodness. What a small house. Who owns this miserable tiny hut?"

The minstrel answered, "This is my house and yours, where we shall live together."

She had to stoop in order to get in the low door.

"Where are the servants?" said the king's daughter.

"What servants?" answered the beggar. "You must do for yourself what you want to have done. Now make a fire at once, put some water on to boil, so you can cook me something to eat. I am very tired."

But the king's daughter knew nothing about lighting12 fires or cooking, and the beggar had to lend a hand himself to get anything done at all. When they had finished their scanty13 meal they went to bed. But he made her get up very early the next morning in order to do the housework.

For a few days they lived in this way, as well as they could, but they finally came to the end of their provisions.

Then the man said, "Wife, we cannot go on any longer eating and drinking here and earning nothing. You must weave baskets." He went out, cut some willows14, and brought them home. Then she began to weave baskets, but the hard willows cut into her delicate hands.

"I see that this will not do," said the man. "You had better spin. Perhaps you can do that better." She sat down and tried to spin, but the hard thread soon cut into her soft fingers until they bled.

"See," said the man. "You are not good for any sort of work. I made a bad bargain with you. Now I will try to start a business with pots and earthenware15. You must sit in the marketplace and sell them."

"Oh!" she thought. "If people from my father's kingdom come to the market and see me sitting there selling things, how they will ridicule me!"

But her protests did not help. She had to do what her husband demanded, unless she wanted to die of hunger.

At first it went well. People bought the woman's wares16 because she was beautiful, and they paid her whatever she asked. Many even gave her the money and let her keep the pots. So they lived on what she earned as long as it lasted. Then the husband bought a lot of new pottery17. She sat down with this at the corner of the marketplace and set it around her for sale. But suddenly there came a drunken hussar galloping18 along, and he rode right into the pots, breaking them into a thousand pieces. She began to cry, and was so afraid that she did not know what to do.

"Oh! What will happen to me?" she cried. "What will my husband say about this?" She ran home and told him of the misfortune.

"Who would sit at the corner of the marketplace with earthenware?" said the man. "Now stop crying. I see very well that you are not fit for any ordinary work. Now I was at our king's palace and asked if they couldn't use a kitchen maid. They promised me to take you. In return you will get free food."

The king's daughter now became a kitchen maid, and had to be available to the cook, and to do the dirtiest work. In each of her pockets she fastened a little jar, in which she took home her share of the leftovers19. And this is what they lived on.

It happened that the wedding of the king's eldest20 son was to be celebrated21, so the poor woman went up and stood near the door of the hall to look on. When all the lights were lit, and people, each more beautiful than the other, entered, and all was full of pomp and splendor22, she thought about her plight23 with a sad heart, and cursed the pride and haughtiness24 which had humbled26 her and brought her to such great poverty.

The smell of the delicious dishes which were being taken in and out reached her, and now and then the servants threw her a few scraps27, which she put in her jar to take home.

Then suddenly the king's son entered, clothed in velvet28 and silk, with gold chains around his neck. When he saw the beautiful woman standing by the door he took her by the hand and wanted danced with her. But she refused and took fright, for she saw that he was King Thrushbeard, the suitor whom she had rejected with scorn.

Her struggles did not help. He pulled her into the hall. But the string that tied up her pockets broke, and the pots fell to the floor. The soup ran out, and the scraps flew everywhere. When the people saw this, everyone laughed and ridiculed her. She was so ashamed that she would rather have been a thousand fathoms29 beneath the ground. She jumped out the door and wanted to run away, but a man overtook her on the stairs and brought her back. And when she looked at him, it was King Thrushbeard again.

He said to her kindly30, "Don't be afraid. I and the minstrel who has been living with you in that miserable hut are one and the same. For the love of you I disguised myself. And I was also the hussar who broke your pottery to pieces. All this was done to humble25 your proud spirit and to punish you for the arrogance31 with which you ridiculed me."

Then she cried bitterly and said, "I was terribly wrong, and am not worthy32 to be your wife."

But he said, "Be comforted. The evil days are past. Now we will celebrate our wedding."

Then the maids-in-waiting came and dressed her in the most splendid clothing, and her father and his whole court came and wished her happiness in her marriage with King Thrushbeard, and their true happiness began only now.

I wish that you and I had been there as well. #p#

从前， 有一位国王， 膝下有一个女儿， 美丽非凡， 却因此而傲慢无理， 目中无人， 求婚的人里没有谁中她的意。 她不但一个接一个地拒绝他们的美意， 而且还对人家冷嘲热讽。

有一回， 国王举行盛大宴会， 邀请了各地所有希望结婚的男子。 先入席的是几个国王， 接着入席的是王子、公爵、伯爵和男爵，最后入席的是其余所有应邀而来男子。 公主走过这个行列， 可对每一位横挑鼻子竖挑眼， 这位太胖啦， 她就用轻蔑的口气说道： “好一个啤酒桶。 ”那个呢， 又高又瘦， 她就评头论足地说道： “活像一只大蚊子。 ”下一个呢， 太矮啦……“五大三粗， 笨手笨脚。 ”她又说道。 第四个呢，脸色太苍白啦， “一具死尸。 ”；第五个， 脸太红润……“一只公火鸡。 ”第六个呢， 身板儿不够直……“像一快放在炉子后面烤干的弯木头。 ”就这样， 她看谁都不顺眼。

有一位国王， 下巴长得有点儿翘， 更是免不了遭到她的大肆嘲笑挖苦。 “我的天哪！ ”她一边放声大笑一边高声地说， “瞧这家伙的下巴呀， 长得跟画眉嘴一模一样啊！ ”打那以后， 这位国王就落了个诨名——画眉嘴。 老国王发现女儿只是在嘲弄人家，对每个前来求婚的人都嗤之以鼻， 便大动干火， 发誓要把她嫁给第一个上门来讨饭的叫花子。

几天以后， 一个走街窜巷卖唱的人在王宫的窗下唱起歌来， 想讨一点儿施舍。 国王听见了歌声， 便吩咐把这个人带来见他。 卖唱的衣衫褴褛， 肮脏龌龊， 来到国王和公主面前唱了起来， 唱完便恳求给他一点儿赏赐。

国王对他说： “你的歌让我很开心， 我就把我的女儿许配给你吧。 ”

公主一听， 吓得浑身发抖， 国王却接着说： “我发过誓， 要把她嫁给第一个到这儿来讨饭的叫花子， 我得言而有信。 ”

抗旨不遵完全是徒劳的。 于是， 请来了牧师， 为公主和这个走街窜巷卖唱的人举行了婚礼。

婚礼结束后， 国王说道： “现在你已是一个叫花子的老婆了， 不宜再留宫中。 你和你丈夫快上路吧。 ”

叫花子牵着她的手往外就走， 公主不得不跟着他离开了王宫。 他们俩来到一片大树林前面， 公主问： “这片树林是谁的”

卖唱的便回答道：“是那位心地善良的画眉嘴国王的呀，要是你当初嫁给他， 现在不就是你的吗”

公主听了回答说：“我这个可怜的女孩子啊， 当初有点儿翘尾巴， 要是嫁给画眉嘴国王就好啦。 ”

随后， 他们俩来到一片绿草地， 公主又问： “这片美丽的绿草地是谁的”“是那位心地善良的画眉嘴国王的呀，要是你当初嫁给他， 现在不就是你的吗”

于是， 公主又唉声叹气地说：“我这个可怜的女孩子啊， 当初有点儿翘尾巴， 要是嫁给画眉嘴国王就好啦。 ”

接着， 他们俩来到一座大城市， 公主又问： “这座美丽的城市是谁的”“是那位心地善良的画眉嘴国王的呀，要是你当初嫁给他， 现在不就是你的吗”

公主听了说：“我这个可怜的女孩子啊， 当初有点儿翘尾巴， 要是嫁给画眉嘴国王该多好啦。 ”“你老是渴望嫁给另一个男人， ”卖唱的说， “我听了真气愤。 难道我配不上你吗”

最后， 他们俩来到一所很小的房子前， 她大声地问：“这么小的房子我还没见过，天哪， 它会是什么人的窝卖唱的回答说： ”这是我的房子， 也是你的家， 我们就共同生活在这里。 “

房门又矮又小， 公主进去时， 不得不弯下腰来， 不然就会碰了头。“佣人在哪儿呢”公主问道。“哪来的佣人呀。 ”叫花子回答说， “干什么事你都得自己动手。 喏， 你得快点儿把火生起来， 把水烧开， 然后给我煮饭。 我已经累得不行了。 ”

可是， 公主哪里会生火煮饭呀， 叫花子只得自己动手， 不然就得挨饿。 他们的晚饭很简单， 晚饭后， 就休息了。 谁知第二天一大早， 他就把她赶下床， 逼着她做家务事。

他们就这样过了几天， 吃完了所有的存粮， 丈夫于是说： “老婆， 你看， 咱们这样光吃饭， 不挣钱， 可怎么活下去呀， 你来编筐子吧。 ”

说罢， 他就出去砍了些柳枝， 扛回家来。 公主开始编筐子， 可柳枝又粗又硬， 把她娇嫩的双手全弄伤了。“我觉得， ”丈夫说， “这样不行啊， 别编筐子啦， 你还是纺线吧， 也许你会在行些。 ”

于是， 她开始坐下来试着纺线， 可是纱线很粗糙， 把她柔软的手指勒得鲜血直流。“你看看， ”丈夫又说道， “这算怎么一回事嘛。 你什么也干不了， 娶了你当老婆， 我算倒霉透啦。 现在我得做一做陶器生意， 卖锅碗瓢盆什么的。 你呢， 得到市场上去叫卖。 ”“天哪， ”她心想， “要是我父亲王国里的人来赶集， 看到我在那儿叫卖锅碗瓢盆， 他们一定会嘲笑我的！ ”

可是， 又有什么别的出路呢不然就得活活饿死。 一开始， 她的生意还不错。 人们见她长得漂亮， 都来买她的东西， 而且连价也不还。 的确， 有几个人付了钱， 却又把锅子作为礼物送给她。

夫妻俩靠她卖来的钱生活了一段时间， 然后丈夫又进了一批陶器。 她坐在市场的一个角落里， 把锅碗瓢盆什么的摆放在自己的周围，叫卖起来。 谁知一个喝得醉熏熏的骑兵突然打这儿急驰而过， 那匹马冲进她的货摊， 把所有的陶器踩得粉碎。 公主放声大哭， 束手无策。“我的天呀， 我该怎么办哪”她呜咽着说， “我丈夫会怎么骂我呀。 ”于是， 她跑回家里， 跟丈夫说了自己的遭遇。“你是一个卖陶器的小贩子， 哭管什么用， ”她丈夫说， “你什么活儿也干不了。 我只得跑到咱们国王的宫殿里， 打听了一下你能不能在那儿当个帮厨女佣。 人家答应先试用一段时间， 还有， 你在那里可以白吃饭。 ”

这样一来，公主就变成了帮厨女佣。 她给大师傅打下手， 干各种最脏的活儿。 她在衣服里缝了一个口袋， 在口袋里放了一只带盖的罐子， 每天把残羹剩饭盛在里面， 带回家中糊口。

为了庆祝国王的长子满十八岁， 国王举行了盛大的舞会。 在那个不同寻常的夜晚， 可怜的年轻女佣躲在上面大厅的门后， 偷偷地观望。她目睹着蜡烛一根根点燃， 宾客们一个个步入大厅， 全都衣着华丽， 光彩照人。 面对眼前富丽堂皇、令人眼花缭乱的景像，她不无哀伤地想起自己悲惨的命运， 站在那里几乎泣不成声。 自己一向傲慢无理， 目中无人， 才落到今天这般贫穷凄惨的境地， 她感到痛悔不已。美味佳肴端进端出， 香味扑鼻， 她馋得口水直流， 仆人们不时扔给她一些残渣剩菜， 她便装进罐子里， 准备带回家去。

国王的长子身着天鹅绒和绸缎衣服， 衣服上镶嵌着钻石， 脖子上挂着金项链， 正朝大厅走去， 发现这个可怜的女子站在门后，正偷偷地观望着舞会的情景， 王子一把抓住她的手， 要和她跳舞， 她却不肯。 她认出这位王子正是曾经向她求过婚，被她嘲弄侮辱过的那个画眉嘴国王， 不禁吓得浑身发抖。 可是， 不管她怎样挣扎， 王子还是硬将她拉进了舞厅。 不料， 她用来系口袋的线绳，就在这时断了， 罐子一下子滚了出来， 汤汤水水流了一地， 残渣剩菜撒得到处都是。 人们一见哄堂大笑， 她成了众人的笑柄，羞愧得恨不得有个地缝钻进去。 她朝门口冲了过去， 想要逃走， 可在台阶上被一个男子拦住了去路， 又给拉了回来。 她定睛一看，这个男子又是画眉嘴国王， 国王用亲切和蔼的语气对她说：“别怕， 我和那个跟你生活在破破烂烂的小房子里的叫花子， 原本是一个人哪。 我很爱你， 才乔装打扮成叫花子；那个喝得醉熏熏的、冲进你的货摊， 把陶器踩得粉碎的骑兵， 也是我呀。 我做这些， 全是为了克服你的傲慢无礼， 惩罚你对新郎的嘲弄。 ”

公主听罢， 痛哭流涕， 抽泣着对国王说： “我真是太不应该了， 不配做您的妻子。 ”

篇6

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

There was once a woman and her daughter who had a beautiful garden with cabbages. A hare got into it, and during the winter he ate all the cabbages. So the mother said to the daughter, "Go to the garden, and chase2 the hare away."

The girl said to the hare, "Shoo, shoo, hare! You're eating all our cabbages."

The hare said, "Come, girl, sit on my tail, and come with me to my hut."

The girl would not do that.

The next day the hare came again and ate cabbages, so the woman said to her daughter, "Go to the garden, and chase the hare away."

The girl said to the hare, "Shoo, shoo, hare! You're eating all our cabbages."

The hare said, "Come, girl, sit on my tail, and come with me to my hut."

The girl would not do that.

On the third day the hare came again and ate cabbages, so the woman said to her daughter, "Go to the garden and chase the hare away."

The girl said, "Shoo, shoo, hare! You're eating all our cabbages."

The hare said, "Come, girl, sit on my tail, and come with me to my hut."

So the girl sat on the hare's tail, and the hare took her far away to his little hut, and then said, "Now cook some green cabbage and millet3. "I'm going out to invite guests to our wedding."

Then all the wedding guests arrived. Who were the wedding guests? I can tell you, because someone else told me. They were all hares4, and the crow was there as parson to marry the bride and bridegroom, and the fox served as sexton, and their altar was under the rainbow.

But the girl was sad, for she was all alone.

The hare came up to her and said, "Open the door! Open the door! The wedding guests are making merry."

The bride cried and said nothing. The hare went away. Then the hare came back and said, "Open the door! Open the door! The wedding guests are hungry."

The bride continued to cry, and said nothing. The hare went away. Then he came back and said, "Open the door! Open the door! The wedding guests are waiting."

The bride said nothing, and the hare went away. Then she dressed a straw doll in her clothes, gave it a stirring-spoon, and stood it next to the millet pot. Then she went back to her mother.

The hare came once more and said, "Open the door! Open the door!" Then he opened the door himself and struck the doll on the head so that its cap fell off. Then the hare saw that this was not his bride, and he sadly went away.

从前有个妇人，她带着女儿住在一座漂亮的花园里，院子里种了许多卷心菜。冬天，有只兔子来到院子里偷吃卷心菜，妈妈对女儿说：「去把那兔子赶走。小姑娘就出来对兔子说：「喂！兔子，你快把我们家的卷心菜吃光了。兔子对小姑娘说：「小姑娘，来坐到我尾巴上来吧，我带你上我家去。

小姑娘不肯。

第二天，兔子又来吃卷心菜了。妈妈又对女儿说：「到院子里去把那只兔子赶走。小姑娘就出来对兔子说：「喂！兔子，你快把我们家的卷心菜吃光了。兔子对小姑娘说：「小姑娘，来坐到我尾巴上来吧，我带你上我家去。小姑娘还是拒绝了。

第三天，兔子又来了，坐在卷心菜上面。妈妈对女儿说：「去把那兔子赶走。小姑娘就出来对兔子说：「喂！兔子，你快把我们家的卷心菜吃光了。兔子对小姑娘说：「小姑娘，来坐到我尾巴上来吧，我带你上我家去。小姑娘坐到兔子尾巴上，被带到了很远的兔子家。它对姑娘说：「现在动手烧饭吧，用青菜和小米，我去请来参加婚礼的客人。接着，所有的客人都到了（谁是客人？我把别人告诉我的说给你听吧：全是兔子！奶牛是牧师，为新郎新娘主持婚礼；狐狸是司仪，祭坛在彩虹下面。）

篇7

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

First Tale

Once upon a time there was an old fox with nine tails. He did not believe that his wife was faithful to him and wanted to put her to the test. He stretched himself out beneath the bench, did not move a limb, and pretended to be stone dead.

Mrs. Fox locked herself in her room, and her maid, Miss Cat, sat on the hearth1 and cooked.

As soon as it became known that the old fox had died, suitors began to appear. The maid heard someone knocking at the front door. She opened it, and there stood a young fox, who said:

What are you doing, Miss Cat? Are you asleep, or are you awake?

She answered:

I'm not asleep; I am awake. Do you want to know what I am doing? I am cooking warm beer with butter in it. Would you like to be my guest?

"No thank you, Miss," said the fox. "What is Mrs. Fox doing?"

The maid answered:

She is sitting in her room Mourning and grieving. She has cried her eyes red, Because old Mr. Fox is dead.

"Miss, tell her that a young fox is here who would like to court her."

"I'll do that, young man."

The cat went upstairs and knocked on the door.

"Mrs. Fox, are you there?"

"Yes, my dear, yes."

"A suitor is outside."

"What does he look like? Does he have nine bushy tails like the late Mr. Fox?"

"No," answered the cat. "He has but one."

"Then I'll not have him."

Miss Cat went downstairs and sent the suitor away.

Soon afterward2 there was another knock at the door. Another fox was there who wanted to court Mrs. Fox. He had two tails, but he did not fare any better than the first one. Then others came, each with one additional tail, but all were turned away until finally one came who had nine tails, just like old Mr. Fox. When the widow heard that, she spoke3 joyfully4 to the cat:

Open up the door And throw old Mr. Fox out.

They were just about to celebrate the wedding when beneath the bench old Mr. Fox began to stir. He attacked the entire party with blows and drove them all out of the house, including Mrs. Fox. Second Tale

Following the death of old Mr. Fox, the wolf presented himself as a suitor. The cat, who was serving as Mrs. Fox's maid, opened the door. The wolf greeted her, saying:

Good day, Mrs. Cat, Why are you sitting alone? What good things are you making there?

The cat answered:

Bread and milk. Would you like to be my guest?

"No thank you, Mrs. Cat." answered the wolf. "Isn't Mrs. Fox at home?"

The cat said:

She's upstairs in her room Mourning and grieving, Bemoaning5 her plight6, Because old Mr. Fox is dead.

The wolf answered:

If she wants another man, Just have her come downstairs.

The cat ran upstairs To give her the news. She ran to the great room, And knocked on the door With her five golden rings. "Mrs. Fox, are you in there? Do you want another man?"

Mrs. Fox asked, "Is the gentleman wearing red breeches, and does he have a pointed7 little face?"

"No," answered the cat.

"Then he's of no use to me."

After the wolf had been sent away there came a dog, a deer, a hare, a bear, a lion, and all the other animals of the forest, one after the other. But each one lacked one of the good qualities that old Mr. Fox had had, and the cat had to send each of the suitors away. Finally a young fox came.

Mrs. Fox asked, "Is the gentleman wearing red breeches, and does he have a pointed little face?"

"Yes," said the cat, "that he does."

"Then let him come upstairs," said Mrs. Fox, and she told the maid to make preparations for the wedding feast.

Cat, sweep out the kitchen, And throw the old fox out the window. He brought home many a big fat mouse, But he ate them all alone, And never gave me a one.

Then Mrs. Fox married young Mr. Fox, and everyone danced and celebrated8, and if they have not stopped, then they are dancing still.

从前，有一只狡猾的老狐狸，他很想知道自己的妻子对自己是不是真心真意的。所以，有一天他直挺挺地躺在长凳下面装死，那样子就像是一只死老鼠。

狐狸太太走进自己的房间里，把门关上了，她的女仆猫小姐则坐在厨房的火炉旁做饭。老狐狸死了的消息很快就传开了，不久来了一只年青的狐狸敲着门说道：

「猫咪小姐！猫咪小姐！

你今天过得好吗？

你是在睡觉还是在打发时间呢？

猫走过去打开门，看见门口站着一只年青的狐狸，所以她对他问：

「不，不，狐狸先生，这大白天我没有睡觉，我在调制上等的白酒，阁下有空来吃午饭吗？

狐狸说道：「不了，谢谢你，请问可怜的狐狸太太怎样了？

猫小姐回答说：

「她整天坐在自己的房间里，泪水涟涟地哀歎自己命苦，连漂亮的眼睛都哭红了，哎！都是因为狐狸老先生死了。

年青的狐狸说道：

「请你去对她说，来了一只年青的狐狸，他来的目的，是向她求婚的。

猫听了，踏着轻快的脚步上楼来到狐狸太太的房间，轻轻地敲着门说道：

「狐狸太太，你在里面吗？

「哎！我可爱的猫咪，你找我有事吗？

「门口来了一位求婚者。

狐狸太太马上回答说：

「亲爱的，他长得怎样？

他个头高，身子挺直吗？

他有九条尾巴吗？

一定要有九条尾巴，如果没有，他就不能向我求婚。

「哎呀！他只有一条尾巴。猫说道，「那我不会接受他。

狐狸太太回答说。猫小姐下楼送走了这位求婚者。

不久，另一只狐狸来敲门，这只狐狸只有二条尾巴，他的遭遇不比第一位求婚者好多少，也被猫小姐打发走了。接着一连来了几只狐狸，都被狐狸太太拒绝了。最后来了一只和老狐狸一样长着九条尾巴的狐狸。

寡妇听到这个消息，立刻跳起来说道：

「啊！我可爱的猫咪，打开窗户和门，把我所有的朋友都邀来，参加我的结婚典礼，将我那令人作呕的老傢伙，从窗子里仍到大街上去。

但是，当结婚宴会准备好时，老狐狸突然跳了起来，抓起一根棍棒，把所有的来宾，包括狐狸太太一起都赶出了门。

过了一段时间，老狐狸真的死了，很快有一只狼来问候，他敲着门说：

「猫小姐，你好，你的鬍鬚多整洁啊！

你怎么独自规规矩矩地坐在这儿呢？

你是在做好吃的东西，我说的对不对呀？

猫回答说：

「对了，这是我今天的午餐。

麵包加牛奶，阁下愿意留下来吃饭还是去给你倒一杯酒来喝？

狼说道：「谢谢你，别客气！我想知道狐狸太太是不是在家。猫回答说：

「她整天孤零零地坐着，悲伤地哭泣，哎呀，哎呀！

都是因为狐狸先生过世了。

狼说道：

「哎——，亲爱的猫咪小姐这的确是一件伤心的事，但你认为我怎么样？

她能同意我作她的丈夫吗？

猫回答道：

「狼先生，我可不知道她的意思，你在这儿坐一坐，我上楼去看一看。

猫搬了一把椅子，非常乐意地摇着耳朵，轻快地上楼去了。她来到狐狸太太的门前，用戴在脚爪上的戒指敲着门说道：「狐狸太太，你在里面吗？

寡妇说道：「喔！我在，请进来！我的乖乖，我听见厨房里有说话声，告诉我那是谁呀？

猫回答说：

「那时一只漂亮的狼，他长着一身光滑的皮毛，他正打这儿经过，走进来看了看（因为老狐狸先生死了），说你是否愿意，嫁给他做他的妻子。

狐狸太太说问：「可他有红红的脚，尖尖的嘴鼻吗？猫说：「没有。「那他不适合做我的丈夫。

狼很快就被打发走了。接着来了一条狗，然后是山羊，再接着是一头熊、一头狮子，所有的兽类动物都来过，一个接一个，它们都只有老狐狸具有的某些特徵，都不合狐狸太太的意，猫奉命把他们送走了。

最后，终於有一只年青的狐狸来了，狐狸太太问：「他有四条红红的脚和尖尖的嘴鼻吗？猫回答说：「是的。

狐狸太太吩咐道：

「那么，猫咪，把客厅打扫一下，看起来要乾净整洁。

把老傢伙仍到街上去，这个愚蠢的老无赖，他死了我真高兴。

篇8

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

There was a man whose wife died, and a woman whose husband died. The man had a daughter, and the woman also had a daughter. The girls were acquainted with each other and went for a walk together. Afterwards they came to the woman in her house.

The woman said to the man's daughter, "Listen, tell your father that I would like to marry him, and then you shall wash yourself in milk every morning and drink wine, but my own daughter shall wash herself in water and drink water."

The girl went home and told her father what the woman had said.

The man said, "What shall I do? Marriage is a joy, but also a torment1."

Finally, being unable to reach a decision, he pulled off his boot and said, "Take this boot. It has a hole in its sole. Take it to the attic2, hang it on the big nail, and then pour water into it. If it holds the water, then I shall again take a wife, but if the water runs through it, then I shall not."

The girl did as she was told, but the water pulled the hole shut, and the boot filled up to the top. She told her father what had happened. Then he himself went up, and when he saw that she was right, he went to the widow and wooed her, and the wedding was held.

The next morning when the two girls got up, there was milk for the man's daughter to wash in and wine for her to drink, but there was water for the woman's daughter to wash herself with and water for her to drink. On the second morning there was water for washing and water to drink for the man's daughter as well as for the woman's daughter. And on the third morning there was water for washing and water to drink for the man's daughter, and milk for washing and wine to drink for the woman's daughter, and so it continued.

The woman became her stepdaughter's worst enemy, and from one day to the next she did whatever she could to make the stepdaughter's life more miserable3. Furthermore, she was envious4 because her stepdaughter was beautiful and kind, while her own daughter was ugly and disgusting.

Once in winter, when everything was frozen as hard as a stone, and the hills and valleys were covered with snow, the woman made a dress of paper, called her stepdaughter, and said, "Here, put this dress on and go out into the woods and fetch me a basketful of strawberries. I have a longing5 for some."

"Good heaven." said the girl. "Strawberries don't grow in the winter. The ground is frozen, and furthermore the snow has covered everything. And why am I to go out in this paper dress? It is so cold outside that one's breath freezes. The wind will blow through the dress, and the thorns will tear it from my body."

"Will you contradict me?" said the stepmother. "Be on your way, and do not let me see you again until you have the basketful of strawberries." Then she gave her a little piece of hard bread and said, "You can eat from this all day," while thinking, "You will freeze and starve to death out there, and I shall never see you again."

The girl obeyed and put on the paper dress and went out with the basket. There was nothing but snow far and wide, and not a green blade was to be seen. After coming into the woods she saw a small house. Three little dwarfs6 peeped out. She greeted them and gently knocked on the door.

They shouted, "Come in," and she went into the room and sat down on the bench by the stove to warm herself and eat her breakfast.

The dwarfs said, "Give us some of it, too."

"Gladly," she said, and broke her piece of bread in two, giving them half."

They asked, "What are you doing here in the woods in the wintertime and in your thin dress."

"Oh," she answered, "I am supposed to gather a basketful of strawberries, and am not allowed to go home until I have them."

When she had eaten her bread they gave her a broom and said, "Sweep away the snow next to the back door."

Once she was outside, the three little men said to one another, "What shall we give her for being so polite and good and sharing her bread with us."

The first one said, "I grant her that every day she shall grow more beautiful."

The second one said, "I grant her that gold pieces shall fall from her mouth every time she speaks a word."

The third one said, "I grant her that a king shall come and take her to wife."

The girl did what the dwarfs told her to, and with the broom she swept the snow away from behind the little house, and what do you think she found? Nothing other than ripe strawberries, which came up out of the snow quite dark red. Joyfully7 she gathered her basketful, thanked the little men, shook hands with each of them, then ran home to take her stepmother what she had demanded.

Upon entering she said, "Good-evening," and a piece of gold fell out of her mouth. Then she told what had happened to her in the woods, but with every word she spoke8 gold pieces fell from her mouth, and soon the whole room was covered with them.

"Just look at her arrogance," shouted the stepsister, "to throw gold about in such a manner." But she was secretly envious, and she too wanted to go into the woods to look for strawberries.

The mother said, "No, my dear little daughter, it is too cold. You could freeze to death."

However, her daughter gave no peace, so finally the mother gave in. She sewed a magnificent fur coat for her and had her put it on. She gave her buttered bread and cake for her journey.

The girl went into the woods and straight up to the little house. The three little dwarfs peeped out again, but she did not greet them. Without looking at them and without greeting them, she stumbled into the room, sat down by the stove, and began to eat her buttered bread and cake.

"Give us some of it," shouted the little men.#p#

She replied, "There is not enough for me myself. How can I give some of it to others?"

When she was finished eating they said, "Here is a broom for you. Sweep in front of the back door."

"Sweep for yourselves," she answered. "I am not your maid."

Seeing that they were not going to give her anything, she walked out the door.

Then the little men said to one another, "What shall we give her for being so impolite and having a wicked and envious heart that will never let her give a thing to anyone?"

The first one said, "I grant that every day she shall grow uglier."

The second one said, "I grant that a toad9 shall jump out of her mouth with every word she says."

The third one said, "I grant that she shall die an unfortunate death."

The girl looked outside for strawberries, but finding none, she went home angrily. And when she opened her mouth to tell her mother what had happened to her in the woods, a toad jumped out of her mouth with every word she said, so that everyone was repulsed10 by her.

The stepmother now became even more angry, and she could think of nothing else but how she could torment the man's daughter, who nonetheless grew more beautiful every day. Finally she took a kettle, set it on the fire, and boiled yarn11 in it. When it was boiled, she hung it on the poor girl's shoulder, gave her an ax, and told her to go to the frozen river, chop a hole in the ice, and rinse12 the yarn. She obeyed, went to the river and chopped a hole in the ice. While she was chopping, a splendid carriage approached, with the king seated inside.

The carriage stopped, and the king asked, "My child, who are you, and what are you doing here?"

"I am a poor girl, and I am rinsing13 yarn."

The king felt compassion14, and when he saw how very beautiful she was, he said to her, "Will you ride with me?"

"Gladly," she answered, for she was happy to get away from the mother and sister.

So she got into the carriage and rode away with the king. When they arrived at his palace their wedding was celebrated15 with great pomp, just as the little men had promised the girl.

A year later the young queen gave birth to a son, and when the stepmother heard of her good fortune, she came with her daughter to the palace, pretending that she wanted to pay her a visit. But when the king went out, and no one else was present, the wicked woman seized the queen by the head, and her daughter seized her by the feet, and lifting her out of her bed, they threw her out the window into the stream that flowed by.

After that the ugly daughter lay down in the bed, and the old woman covered her up over her head. When the king returned and wanted to speak to his wife, the old woman said, "Quiet. Quiet. You cannot talk to her now. She has a very high fever. You must let her rest today."

The king suspected no evil, and did not return until the next morning. As he then talked with his wife, and she answered him, a toad jumped out with every word, whereas previously16 a piece of gold had fallen out. When he asked what was the matter, the old woman said that it came from her high fever, and that she would soon lose it.

During the night the kitchen boy saw a duck swimming along the gutter17, and it said, "King, what are you doing? Are you awake or are you asleep?"

Receiving no answer, it said, "What are my guests doing?"

Then the kitchen boy answered, "They are fast asleep."

She asked further, "What is my little baby doing?"

He answered, "He is sound asleep in his cradle."

Then, in the form of the queen, she went upstairs, nursed the baby, fluffed up his cover, tucked him in, and then she swam off through the gutter as a duck.

She came in the same manner for two nights. On the third night, she said to the kitchen boy, "Go and tell the king to take his sword and on the threshold to swing it over me three times."

The kitchen boy ran and told this to the king, who came with his sword and swung it over the spirit three times, and after the third time, his wife was standing18 before him, vigorous, alive, and healthy, as she had been before.

The king was elated, but he kept the queen hidden in a room until the Sunday when the baby was to be baptized. At the baptism he said, "What does a person deserve who drags someone out of bed and throws him into the water?"

The old woman answered, "The scoundrel deserves nothing better than to be put into a barrel stuck full of nails, and then rolled downhill into the water."

Then the king said, "You have pronounced your own sentence."

He ordered such a barrel to be brought. The old woman and her daughter were put into it, and the top was hammered shut. Then the barrel was rolled downhill until it fell into the river. #p#

从前，有个男人死了妻子，有个女人死了丈夫。这个男人有个女儿，这个女人也有个女儿。两个小姑娘互相认识，经常一起出去散步。有一天，她们散完步后一起来到女人的家里，女人对男人的女儿说：「听着，告诉你爸爸，说我愿意嫁给他，从此你天天早晨都能用牛奶洗脸，还能喝上葡萄酒，而我自己的女儿只能用水洗脸，也只能喝清水。小姑娘回到家中，把女人的话告诉了她爸爸。男人说：「我该怎么办呢？结婚是喜事，可也会带来痛苦。他迟迟拿不定主意，最后脱下一只靴子，说：「这只靴子的底上有个洞。你把它拎到阁楼上去，把它挂在一根大钉子上，然后往里面灌些水。要是水没有漏出来，我就再娶个妻子；可要是水漏了出来，我就不娶。姑娘按她父亲所说的办了。可是水使得洞胀拢了，靴子里灌满了水也没有漏出来。她把结果告诉了她父亲，父亲又亲自上来察看，看到情况果然如此，便去向那寡妇求婚，然后举行了婚礼。

第一天早晨，两个姑娘起来后，在男人的女儿的面前果然放着洗脸的牛奶和喝的葡萄酒，而在女人的女儿的面前放着的只有洗脸的清水和喝的清水。第二天早晨，男人的女儿和女人的女儿的面前都放着洗脸的清水和喝的清水。到了第三天早晨，男人的女儿的面前放着洗脸用的清水和喝的清水，而女人的女儿的面前却放着洗脸用的牛奶和喝的葡萄酒。以后天天都是这样。那女人成了她继女的死敌，对她一天坏似一天，她还万分嫉妒她的继女，因为她的继女美丽可爱，而她自己的女儿又丑又令人讨厌。

冬天到了，一切都冻得像石头一样硬，山顶和山谷都被大雪覆盖着。一天，女人用纸做了件衣服，把她的继女叫过来，说：「听着，你穿上这件衣服，到森林里去给我採一篮草莓，我很想吃。「天哪！姑娘说，「冬天怎么会有草莓呢？地上都结了冰，大雪把一切都盖住了，再说，我怎么能穿着这身纸衣服出去呢？外面冷得连呼出的气都能冻起来。风会往这衣服里面吹，荆棘也会把它挂破的。「你敢跟我顶嘴？继母说，「你快给我去！要是没有採到一篮草莓，你就别想回来！然后她又给姑娘一小块硬梆梆的麵包，说：「这是你一天的口粮，心里却在想：「你在外面不会冻死也会饿死的，别想再回来烦我。

姑娘只好顺从地穿上纸衣服，提着篮子走了出去。外面一片冰天雪地，连一棵绿草都找不到。她来到森林里后，看到一座小房子，里面有三个小矮人在向外张望。她向他们问好，然后轻轻地敲了敲门。他们叫「进来，她便走进屋，坐在炉子旁的长凳上烤火，吃她的早饭。小矮人们说：「也分一点给我们吧。「好的，她说着便把麵包掰成两半，给了他们一半。他们问：「你大冬天穿着这身薄薄的衣服到森林里来干吗？「唉，她回答，「我得採一篮草莓，否则我就回不了家了。等她吃完麵包后，他们递给她一把扫帚，说：「去帮我们把后门的雪扫掉吧。可等她出去后，三个小矮人却商量了起来：「她这么可爱，又把麵包分给了我们，我们送她甚么好呢？第一个矮人说：「我送给她的礼物是：她一天比一天更美丽。第二个矮人说：「我送给她的礼物是：她一开口说话就吐出金子来。第三个矮人说：「我送给她的礼物是：一个国王娶她当王后。

姑娘这时正按照他们的吩咐，用扫帚把小屋后面的雪扫掉。她看到了甚么？雪下面露出了红彤彤的草莓！她高兴极了，赶紧装了满满一篮子，谢了小矮人，还和他们一一握手道别，然后带着她继母垂涎的东西跑回家去了。谁知，她进门刚说了声「晚上好，嘴里就掉出来一块金子！於是，她把自己在森林里遇到的事情讲了出来，而且每讲一句，嘴里就掉出来一块金子，弄得家里很快就堆满了金子。「瞧她那副德行！继母的女儿嚷道，「就这样乱扔金子！她心里嫉妒得要命，也渴望着到森林里去採草莓。她母亲却说：「不行，我的好女儿，外面太冷了，你会冻死的。可是她女儿缠着不放，她最后只好让步。她给女儿缝了件皮袄，硬要她穿上；然后又给她抹了黄油的麵包和蛋糕，让她带着路上吃。

这个姑娘进了森林之后，迳直向小屋走去。三个小矮人又在屋里向外张望，可是她根本不和他们打招呼，既不看他们，也不和他们说话，大摇大摆地走进屋，一屁股坐到炉子旁，吃起自己的麵包和蛋糕来。「分一点给我们吧，小矮人们说；可是她却回答：「这都不够我自己吃的，怎么能分给别人呢？等她吃完，他们又说：「这里有把扫帚，把后门的雪扫乾净。她回答：「我又不是你们的佣人。看到他们不会给她任何礼物了，她便自己冲出了屋子。三个小矮人商量道：「像她这种坏心肠的小懒鬼，又不肯施舍给别人东西，我们该送她甚么呢？第一个矮人说：「我让她长得一天比一天丑！第二个矮人说：「我让她一开口说话就从嘴里跳出一只癞蛤蟆！第三个矮人说：「我让她不得好死！姑娘在屋外找草莓，可一个也找不到，只好气鼓鼓地回家去了。她开口给母亲讲自己在森林里的遭遇，可是，她每讲一句话，嘴里就跳出来一只癞蛤蟆，把大家都吓坏了。#p#

这一来继母更是气坏了，千方百计地盘算着怎么折磨丈夫的女儿，可是这姑娘却长得一天比一天更美。终於，继母取出一只锅子，架在火堆上，在里面煮线团。线团煮过之后，她把它捞出来，搭在姑娘的肩膀上，然后又给姑娘一把斧头，让她去结冰的小河，在冰面上凿一个洞，在洞里漂洗线团。姑娘顺从地来到河边，走到河中央凿冰。她正凿着，岸上驶来了一辆华丽的马车，里面坐着国王。马车停了下来，国王问：「姑娘，你是谁？在这里干甚么？「我是个可怜的女孩，在这里漂洗线团。国王很同情她，而且又看到她长得这么美丽，便对她说：「你愿意和我一起走吗？「当然愿意啦。她回答，因为她非常高兴能离开继母和继母的女儿。姑娘坐到国王的马车上，和国王一起回到宫中。他俩立刻就举行了婚礼，正像三个小矮人许诺过的一样。一年后，年轻的王后生下了一个儿子。她的继母早已听说她交上了好运，这时也带着亲生女儿来到王宫，假装是来看王后的。可是看到国王刚出去，而且旁边又没有别人，这坏心肠的女人就抓住王后的头，她的女儿抓住王后的脚，把她从床上抬下来，从窗口把她扔进了外面的大河里。然后，继母的丑女儿躺在床上，老婆子从头到脚把她盖了起来。当国王回到房间，想和他的妻子说话的时候，老婆子叫了起来：「嘘，唬，不要打搅她，她现在正在发汗。今天不要打搅她。国王丝毫没有怀疑，一直等到第二天早晨才过来。他和妻子说话，谁知她刚开口，嘴里就跳出来一只癞蛤蟆，而不像从前那样掉出金子来。国王问这是怎么回事，老婆子便说这是发汗发出来的，很快就会好的。但是当天夜里，王宫里的小帮工看见一只鸭子从下水道里游了出来，而且听见它说：

「国王，你在做甚么？

你是睡着了还是醒着？

看到小帮工没有回答，它又说：

「我的两位客人在做甚么？

小帮工说：

「她们睡熟了。

鸭子又问：

「我的小宝宝在做甚么？

小帮工回答：

篇9

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

Once upon a time a mouse, a bird, and a sausage formed a partnership1. They kept house together, and for a long time they lived in peace and prosperity, acquiring many possessions. The bird's task was to fly into the forest every day to fetch wood. The mouse carried water, made the fire, and set the table. The sausage did the cooking.

Whoever is too well off always wants to try something different! Thus one day the bird chanced to meet another bird, who boasted to him of his own situation. This bird criticized him for working so hard while the other two enjoyed themselves at home. For after the mouse had made the fire and carried the water, she could sit in the parlor2 and rest until it was time for her to set the table. The sausage had only to stay by the pot watching the food cook. When mealtime approached, she would slither through the porridge or the vegetables, and thus everything was greased and salted and ready to eat. The bird would bring his load of wood home. They would eat their meal, and then sleep soundly until the next morning. It was a great life.

The next day, because of his friend's advice, the bird refused to go to the forest, saying that he had been their servant long enough. He was no longer going to be a fool for them. Everyone should try a different task for a change. The mouse and the sausage argued against this, but the bird was the master, and he insisted that they give it a try. The sausage was to fetch wood, the mouse became the cook, and the bird was to carry water.

And what was the result? The sausage trudged3 off toward the forest; the bird made the fire; and the mouse put on the pot and waited for the sausage to return with wood for the next day. However, the sausage stayed out so long that the other two feared that something bad had happened. The bird flew off to see if he could find her. A short distance away he came upon a dog that had seized the sausage as free booty and was making off with her. The bird complained bitterly to the dog about this brazen4 abduction, but he claimed that he had discovered forged letters on the sausage, and that she would thus have to forfeit5 her life to him.

Filled with sorrow, the bird carried the wood home himself and told the mouse what he had seen and heard. They were very sad, but were determined6 to stay together and make the best of it. The bird set the table while the mouse prepared the food. She jumped into the pot, as the sausage had always done, in order to slither and weave in and about the vegetables and grease them, but before she reached the middle, her hair and skin were scalded off, and she perished.

When the bird wanted to eat, no cook was there. Beside himself, he threw the wood this way and that, called out, looked everywhere, but no cook was to be found. Because of his carelessness, the scattered7 wood caught fire, and the entire house was soon aflame. The bird rushed to fetch water, but the bucket fell into the well, carrying him with it, and he drowned.#p#副标题#e#

从前，有一只老鼠、一只小鸟和一根香肠住在一个家里，它们和睦相处，生活充满了幸福和快乐。他们分工合作，积累不断增加，变得十分富裕。小鸟每天飞到森林里去衔柴回来；老鼠担水，生火，佈置饭桌；香肠则负责做饭。

一个人生活太顺畅，就会开始变赖，会想着法子玩新花样。有一天，小鸟遇到了另外一个朋友，它向朋友很自豪谈起自己生活的惬意现状。那只鸟却嘲笑它是一个可怜的傻瓜，说它辛辛苦苦在外面干活，另两个夥伴待在家里干轻松的活：老鼠每天生火、担水之后就回到自己的房间里躺下休息，到了吃饭的时候才去摆好桌椅，铺上桌布。香肠则坐在锅子旁，除了看食物烹煮的情况外，甚么事都不做。到了要吃饭的时候，只加一点油、盐就算了事，不到一分钟就干完了。小鸟听了这些话，心里很不是滋味。它飞回家，把柴担放在地上。大家和平时一样一起坐在桌子边吃饭，进餐之后又都回房睡觉，一直睡到第二天早晨起来。

还有甚么生活比这种默契、合理分工的生活更令人满意呢？

可是小鸟受了朋友的挑拨，第二天不想到森林里去了，还说自己一直在服待它们两个，做了很久的傻子，现在应该交换一下工作，家务事应该大家轮着来干。尽管老鼠和香肠苦苦劝说，讲明它们这样分工最合理，这样才可能继续维持正常的生活。但小鸟听不进去，坚持它的提议。最后，它俩只好顺着它。它们用抽籤的方式决定了这样的分工：香肠去背柴，老鼠做饭，小鸟去担水。

人要是离开了适合自己干的工作岗位时，会有甚么结果呢？

篇10

［关键词］职业教育 文化传统 关系研究

［中图分类号］G640［文献标识码］A［文章编号］1009-5349（2011）09-0162-03

职业教育是在人类社会发展历程中产生的一种社会现象。职业教育诞生于工业化的社会大生产，由于产业革命的推动和科学技术革命的发生，职业教育与广泛的社会生活特别是人类的经济生活发生了紧密的联系，因此人们往往习惯于从经济学的角度来研究职业教育，来研究其价值和作用。但我国的职业教育发展并不符合经济研究的范式，有自己的特色，很多的问题并不能单纯从经济学角度进行揭示。因而，从文化角度特别是中国文化传统的角度进行解释就显得尤为重要。进而，探寻文化与教育特别是职业教育深刻的内在联系，寻找我国职业教育进一步发展的文化动力和方向。

一、文化视野下的职业教育本质

从文化的角度来研究职业教育，首先必须把握文化的概念，但“适用于一切学科的文化概念是不存在的，文化的概念是依据于特定的学科或研究主题的。”无论是英美的实证社会学传统那样从形态学、模式论和结构论的观点来看待文化，或是德国的思辨历史哲学传统那样从发展性和动态性来看待文化都过于片面。“文化的发展在一定的历史断面总是表现为物质化或形态化的形式，即表现为特定历史时间的物质文化、制度文化和观念文化”。因此，我们在理解文化概念的时候，就必须同时兼顾到两种哲学传统的观点，既要把握文化的本质，又要注重文化的外部表现形式。

要把握文化的本质，就必须将其同人和劳动联系起来，人是通过劳动而创造文化的。劳动所创造的文化的外部表现形式是物质产品和精神产品。同时，人在创造这些物质产品和精神产品过程中也创造着自身，丰富着自己本身的力量和发展着自身与社会的各种关系。因此，文化的本质即是“人的本质的展现和形成的原因”。人通过劳动创造了文化、创造了人――发展了的人。但是文化一旦被创造出来，便成为一种独立于人的力量，成为人从事新的文化创造的制约因素，形成了人与文化的矛盾。而造成这种矛盾关系的并不仅仅是人类的物质生产实践活动，而主要是从人类的物质生产实践活动中分化出来的特殊实践活动――教育实践活动在起作用。因为教育实践活动一方面把前人创造的文化成果传承下来，使人类文化不致中断，并使其作为人们从事新的文化创造的基础；另一方面，它又使人简捷地获得前人的文化成果，发展人的文化创造力。这就是说，从发展的角度来看，如果没有教育，便不会形成文化与人的矛盾，也不会实现文化与人的统一。因此，“文化―人―教育”构成了一种特殊的关系，文化对教育的制约以及教育对文化的选择都是通过人为纽带的，因而教育与文化并不是直接作用的关系，教育是在文化与人的对立统一关系中起作用。

对于职业教育更是如此。职业教育根植于技术哲学，不仅具有教育属性还具有职业属性，因此职业教育不仅是构成教育和文化之间矛盾的因素之一，也是构成技术文化和教育之间矛盾的主要因素，而其作用的展现正是通过对人的影响得以实现的。技术文化对人的深刻影响不仅会限制技术水平的发展，也会限制职业教育的发展；职业教育对人的强力作用不仅会促进技术的提升，也会影响技术文化的传播与发展。因此，文化视野下职业教育的本质是传承和创造技术文化，促进人的技术技能提升。

二、文化传统与职业教育的相互作用

很多人将影响和制约我国职业教育发展的文化因素归结为以儒家伦理道德思想为核心的传统文化。这种认识中，中国传统文化一语的核心是文化，认为文化造成了对职业教育的直接影响，但文化并不能直接对教育造成影响，而是通过对人的作用间接影响职业教育的发展，具体影响人们对职业教育的选择、对职业教育产品――技术技能型人才的认可和对技术技能型工作的关注和理解等。我国著名的文化学者庄锡昌等认为：“文化的基本的核心由两部分组成，一是传统（即从历史上得到并选择）的思想，一是与他们有关的价值。”那么，影响我国职业教育发展的到底是文化中的传统还是其价值呢？（此处，“价值”并不是指经济学领域的劳动价值或商品价值，而是人类对于自我发展的本质发现、创造与创新的要素本体，包括任意的物质形态，也就是我们常说的“价值观”中的价值。）人创造自我世界的一切发展即有价值，价值的核心本质内涵是自由人。所以，文化中的“价值”的核心是人，只能产生对人的影响，而这样的影响的结果也只能限定在人的主观世界中，对社会整体的影响是有限的，因为不同人对价值的主观理解是不同的。因此，影响职业教育的应是文化中内涵的人民选择的文化传统。

在文化传统这个术语中，传统是个中心词，文化是用来限定传统的，即传统是表述某种事物的概念，而不是用来表达时间的概念。由此可以看出文化传统是指在人类的社会文化生活中逐渐形成，并作为历史遗产代代传递、积累保存下来，直到现在还在产生影响的文化特质、文化模式和文化要素的结合体。这种传统一经形成，便具有相对的稳定性。文化传统强调的是传统文化背后的精神连接，是活在现实中的文化，具有动态流向。美国社会学家希尔斯指出：“它(传统)至少要持续三代人――无论长短――才能成为传统。”文化传统当然存在于传统社会的文化现象中，但它更多的是指这些文化现象所隐含的规则、理念、秩序和所包含的信仰。它们融汇于教育活动过程之中，制约着教育活动的方方面面。正如斯宾格勒所说：“一定社会特有的文化传统渗透于社会生活的各个方面，强烈的制约着教育过程的进行和人们养育子女的方式。”

（一）文化传统对职业教育的影响

教育是一种传承与延续文化的活动，文化传统作为人类创造所有文化成果中最具有生命力的文化的精粹，必然要对教育活动及其活动传统的形成产生显著的作用。文化传统对职业教育的影响主要体现在以下几个方面：

1.文化传统影响职业教育的价值观。文化传统作为一个民族独特的认识和把握世界的方式，有着自己固定的行为规范与思维方式，体现着独特的民族心理和经验。从广义上说，中国文化传统不但包括以儒家文化为核心并以文字符号所表达的政治、法律、哲学、文学、艺术等意识形态，还包括中国传统的生活方式、行为方式、思维方式以及价值追求。中国几千年的教育重视道德发展和人格完善，轻视主体对物质世界的探求。我国的教育传统是依靠道德的完善使人在社会生活、政治活动诸领域实现自己的主体价值，有才无德是决然难以被接受的。职业教育的价值追求也就更多地注重于职业道德的培养和对职业的归属感。因此，职业教育本应拥有的实利性的价值追求在我国是没有的。

我国传统教育奉行“文以载道”，极少涉及自然现象及科学技术方面的问题，至多只是按照“技进于道”的文化观念教育学生从自然现象与规律中悟出人生之道，而“技”本身不足为道，是“奇技巧”。因此，我国职业教育自身发展的土壤是没有的，我国现代意义上的职业教育完全是照搬西方学制的产物。假使中国没有被西方列强打开国门，一直维系着自身的发展，也不可能从本土诞生出以技艺发展和价值追求为核心的职业教育的。

2.文化传统决定职业教育的内容。一定的社会制度决定着一定的文化基础，而一定文化基础又决定着职业技术教育的内容。科学技术知识和经济价值追求是职业技术教育内容的重要方面，然而在我国的文化传统中，“道”与“术”本来就是相互独立的范畴，“道”中不包括“术”的成分，这样“道”才可以“驭术”。因此传统教育观念重视文化历史和道德伦理方面的知识，而轻视自然科学和生产技术。从汉代的取士制度到隋唐的科举制度，都是注重道德伦理和法律文化方面的理论知识，忽略了科学技术和实际操作。职业教育的内容仍深受这种理念的影响，侧重于向学生传授理论的东西，强调知识的传授，忽视操作技能的培养，而职业教育的显著特点恰恰就是其职业性和实践性。

3.文化传统限定职业教育的方式。中国文化传统中蕴含的思维更多地涉及精神层面的抽象，而不注重那些形式逻辑的辩论。因此，中国文化传统中的思维更多的是一种经验式思维，它倾向于对感性经验作抽象的整体把握，而不是对经验事实作具体的概念分析；它重视对感性经验的直接超越，因而缺少概念的确定性和明晰性，强调直觉思维而不善逻辑性的思维操作。而职业教育作为一门专门的技术技能教育，以实践性操作为主，强调的恰恰是逻辑性的思维操作，因此我国的职业教育不能充分重视操作技能的培养也来源于此。我国的职业技术教育在其教学组织、教学方法及个性发展等方面都打着我国文化传统的烙印。

4.文化传统影响职业教育的社会地位。中国的文化传统更多的强调教育的选拔功能，通过各种选拔性的考试进行筛选，把人们分配到不同等级的学校、单位甚至赋予不同的社会地位。“学而优则仕”和“劳心者治人，劳力者治于人”的传统观念的影响下，人们通常把科学家、企业家、高级干部、工程师、教授以及医生等称为“人才”，是“劳心”之人；而把普通工人、农民以及营业员等称为“劳动力”，是“劳力”之人。社会上许多用人单位也常以学历、文凭作为选拔、聘用人才的标准，由于学历、文凭的标准要求较高，许多职业院校毕业生参与竞聘时，往往连竞聘工作岗位的“入门证”都难以取得。因此，社会认同感在很大程度上影响了职业院校的生源，从而影响了中国职业教育的健康发展。

（二）职业教育对文化的作用

文化传统通过作用于人来间接影响教育，教育并不选择和传播文化传统，而是继承了文化的价值，选择并传播创新过了的新的文化。这一切都是通过对人的教育而实现的。一方面，教育使人适应文化，使人得到发展，又使文化适应人，使之不至于成为人发展的障碍。另一方面，教育所培养的人，又创造出更复杂、更高深的文化成果。教育实现了文化与人的双向建构，即用文化完善人，又通过人来丰富文化，从而发展了文化与人的内涵。职业教育根植于技术哲学与技术文化，它使人适应的是实用性的技术文化，发展人的技能水平；同时，又使人通过自身的技术技能创造出新的技术，发展新的技能，更新技术文化。职业教育对文化的具体作用方式主要表现为：选择和批判；传承和传播；适应和创新。

1.职业教育对文化的选择和批判。文化选择是文化变迁和文化发展过程中所产生的一种重要的文化现象，表现为对某种文化的自动撷取或排斥。职业教育对文化的选择应是技术性的、实用性的、功利性的；与之对比，普通教育对文化的选择是经验性的、理论性的、非功利性的。简单地说，技术的发展是先有需求再有创新，科学的发展是先有研究再有应用。文化批判则是职业教育按照自身的价值目标和理想追求，对社会现实的文化状况进行分析，做出肯定性或否定性的评价，引导社会文化向健康方向发展。职业教育对文化的选择和批判不仅能够增强技术文化在社会文化中的地位，而且能够设立职业教育发展的文化前提。由于在中国本土并没有诞生自己的职业教育，就缺失了职业教育对社会文化的选择和批判，中国的传统文化中完全是“道”的世界，“术”为末次，这样的文化氛围的形成就是由于职业教育的缺位造成的。技术、实用、功利以至经济思想在我国及其匮乏，严重制约着社会发展。

2.职业教育对文化的传承和传播。文化的形成与该地区、民族、国家的文化传统有着紧密的联系，正如鲁迅所分析的：“新的阶级及其文化，并非突然从天而降，大抵是发达于对于旧支配者及其文化的反抗中，亦发达于和旧者的对立中，所以新文化仍然有所承传，于旧文化也仍然有所择取。”职业教育在传递社会文化的过程中，形成了自身关于教育目的、价值、功能和内容选择的基本认识，从而决定了职业教育的不同形态及其在不同地区或国家的不同发展。职业教育在传承文化过程中也不是一成不变的简单复制，它可以结合现实和社会需求使文化增殖并加以传播，特别是职业教育对技术文化传播和改造的作用是无法取代的。

3.职业教育对文化的适应和创新。职业教育对社会文化发展的适应，既是一种目标，也是一个过程，是发展过程中的动态适应。就目标意义的适应来说，它是社会文化发展所要求的，也是职业教育所力求达到的，并且在达到阶段性的适应目标后又在新的基础上产生不适应；就作为过程意义的适应来说，在某一历史时期，职业教育往往表现出一定的“时间差”，即职业教育与社会文化的发展保持着一定的距离。教育的文化创造功能在社会文化的形成中发挥着重要作用，各类教育都具有一定的文化创造功能，特别是高等教育创造高层次深含义的科学文化的作用是无法被取代的。人类的生活离不开科学技术，但科学是根植于学术体系的，科学的发展是不能发展技术文化的；而技术是根植于工作体系的，技术的发展不仅能够繁荣和促进社会文化的实用性，为生产力的提高和社会经济的发展提供动力，而且能够促进人的全面发展。因此，职业教育对社会文化的发展和创新也是其他教育所不能代替的。

中国今天的文化同历史上的文化传统一脉相承，在人们的思维中仍然残留有文化传统中重伦理、轻自然的习惯，职业教育在社会中的地位还未受到应有的重视，社会民众轻视甚至鄙视职业技术教育的心理还很普遍。所以中国职业教育发展需要经历一个艰难的过程，因为其涉及深层的文化因素。

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