双语童话范文

导语：如何才能写好一篇双语童话，这就需要搜集整理更多的资料和文献，欢迎阅读由公务员之家整理的十篇范文，供你借鉴。

篇1

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

At the time when our Lord still walked on earth, he and Saint Peter stopped one evening at a smith's and were gladly given lodging1. Now it happened that a poor beggar, hard pressed by age and infirmity, came to this house and begged alms of the smith.

Peter had compassion2 and said, "Lord and master, if it please you, cure his ailments3, that he may earn his own bread."

The Lord said gently, "Smith, lend me your forge and put some coals on for me, and then I will make this sick old man young again."

The smith was quite willing. Saint Peter pumped the bellows4, and when the coal fire sparkled up large and high, our Lord took the little old man, pushed him into the forge in the middle of the red fire, so that he glowed like a rosebush, and praised God with a loud voice.

After that the Lord went to the quenching-tub, put the glowing little man into it so that the water closed over him, and after he had carefully cooled him, he gave him his blessing5, when, behold6, the little man sprang nimbly out, looking fresh, upright, healthy, and as if he were twenty years old.

The smith, who had watched everything closely and attentively7, invited them all to supper. Now he had an old half-blind, hunchbacked mother-in-law. She went to the youth and asked earnestly if the fire had burned him much.

He answered that he had never felt better, and that he had sat in the glowing coals as if he had been in cool dew.

The youth's words echoed in the the old woman's ears all night long, and early the next morning, after the Lord had gone on his way again and had heartily8 thanked the smith, the latter thought he might make his old mother-in-law young again in the same way, for he had watched everything very carefully, and it used the skills of his trade. Therefore he called to her, asking her if she, too, would like to go prancing9 about like an eighteen-year-old girl.

Because the youth had come out of it so well, she said, "With all my heart."

So the smith made a large fire, and pushed the old woman into it. She twisted about this way and that, uttering horrible cries of murder.

"Sit still. Why are you screaming and jumping about so? I still have to blow the fire hotter," he cried, then pumped the bellows again, until all her rags were all afire.

The old woman cried without ceasing, and the smith thought to himself, "It's not going exactly right." Then he took her out and threw her into the quenching-tub. She screamed so loudly that the smith's wife upstairs and her daughter-in-law heard it, and they both ran downstairs, and saw the old woman lying in a heap in the tub, howling and screaming, with her face wrinkled and shriveled and all out of shape.

The two, who were both with child, were so terrified with this that that very night they gave birth to two boys who were not shaped like humans but like apes. They ran into the woods, and from them came the race of apes. #p#副标题#e#

当我们的主还在地上巡视时，有一天晚上，他带着圣彼得到一个铁匠家投宿，铁匠倒还乐意。这时碰巧来了位乞丐，年迈体弱，精神不振，样子十分可怜，他求铁匠施舍点东西给他，圣彼得很同情他，说：“主呀，如果你愿意，请帮他治一下病吧，让他能够自己挣得食物。”

上帝非常和蔼地说：“师傅，请把你的铁炉借我用一下，加些炭在里面，我要把这老乞丐炼得年轻些。”铁匠非常乐意，圣彼得便拉起风箱，上帝把乞丐推进炉火中的最旺处，老人在里面烧得像玫瑰般通红，口里还大声讚美着上帝。过了一会儿，上帝踏到水槽前，把这烧红的人放了进去浸在水中，等他冷却后，上帝就向他祝福。过了一会儿，那小个子老人一跃而出，面目一新了，他显得那样挺直、健康，就像一位二十岁的小伙子。

铁匠在一旁仔细地瞧着，请他们一起吃了晚饭。铁匠有位半瞎背驼的老岳母，她走到年轻人的跟前，仔细地瞧着，问他炉火可曾烧了他。那人告诉他从来没有这般舒服过，立在炉火中，就像沐浴在清凉的露水中一样。那年青人的话在老妇人的耳边响了一整夜。第二天早上，上帝准备上路了，他感谢了铁匠，铁匠认为他也能把自己的老岳母变得年轻些，因为昨天的一切他都看在眼里。於是他问岳母是否也想变成个十八岁的少女跳来跳去。

篇2

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

Once there lived a king and a queen who were rich and had everything that they could wish for, but no children. She complained day and night about this, and said, "I am like a field that nothing will grow in."

Finally God fulfilled her desires, but when the child came to the world it did not look like a human child, but instead it was a young donkey. When the mother saw it she wept and wailed1. She would sooner have no child at all than a donkey, and she said that they should throw it into the water and let the fish eat it.

But the king said, "No, God has given him to us. He shall be my son and heir, and following my death he shall sit on the royal throne and wear the royal crown."

Thus they raised the little donkey. He got bigger, and his ears grew up straight and tall. He was a very cheerful sort, jumped about, and played. He was especially fond of music, so he went to a famous minstrel and said, "Teach me to play the lute2 as well as you do."

"Oh, my little master," answered the minstrel, "that will be difficult for you, because you don't have quite the right fingers; they are too large. And I am afraid that the strings3 would not hold up."

But no excuse would do. The little donkey insisted on learning to play the lute. He kept at it and practiced hard, and in the end he learned to play just as well as his teacher.

One day while taking a contemplative walk he came to a well, looked into it, and saw his donkey shape in the mirror-like water. This made him so sad that he set forth4 into the wide world, taking only a single loyal companion with him. They went this way and that way, finally coming to a kingdom where an old king ruled. He had only one daughter, but she was very beautiful.

The little donkey said, "This is where we will stay." He knocked at the gate and called out, "There is a guest out here. Open up and let him in." But they did not open the gate, so he took his lute and began to play it most beautifully with his two front feet.

That opened the gatekeeper's eyes, and he ran to the king, saying, "A little donkey is sitting outside the gate playing the lute as good as an accomplished5 master."

"Then let the musician in," said the king.

When the little donkey entered, they all began to laugh at the lute player. They sent him below to sit and eat with the servants, but he refused, saying, "I am not a common stall donkey, I am a noble one."

"If that is the case, then you can sit with the soldiers," they said.

"No," he replied, "I want to sit next to the king."

The king laughed and said with good humor, "So be it. If you insist, then just come here to me." Then he asked, "Little donkey, how do you like my daughter?"

The donkey turned his head toward her, looked her over, nodded, and then said, "Beyond all measure. She is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen."

"Then you should sit next to her," said the king.

"It is all right with me," said the little donkey, then took a seat at her side and ate, behaving himself like a real gentleman.

After the noble animal had stayed at the king's court for a good while, he thought to himself, "What is the use? I have to go home again." He sadly bowed his head, went to the king, and asked for his leave.

But the king, who liked him a great deal, said, "Little donkey, what is the matter with you. You look as sour as a vinegar jug6. I will give you whatever you ask for. Do you want gold?"

"No."

"Do you want precious things and jewelry7?"

"No."

"Do you want half of my kingdom?"

"Oh, no."

Then the king said, "If I only knew what would make you happy. Would you like to have my beautiful daughter as your wife?"

"Oh, yes," said the little donkey, and was suddenly happy and content, for that was exactly what he had wanted.

So they had a large and splendid wedding. That evening when the bride and the bridegroom were led into their bedroom, the king wanted to know if the little donkey would behave himself like a gentleman, so he had a servant hide himself there. When the couple was inside, the bridegroom bolted the door shut, looked around, and thinking that they were all alone, he pulled off his donkey skin and stood there as a handsome young man of royalty8.

He said, "Now you see who I am, and that I have been worthy9 of you."

The bride was delighted, kissed him, and loved him with all of her heart. The next morning he jumped up, put his animal skin on again, and no one would have thought what he was like beneath it.

The old king soon came by. "Aha," he said. "The little donkey is awake already!" Then he said to his daughter, "Are you sad that you do not have an ordinary human for a husband?"

"Not at all, father dear. I love him just as much as if he were the handsomest man, and I want to keep him as long as I live."

This surprised the king, but then the servant who had hid himself came and revealed everything to him. The king said, "That cannot be true!"

"Then you keep watch tonight, and you will see it with your own eyes. And do you know what, your majesty10? If you take the skin away from him and throw it into the fire, then he will have to show himself in his real form."

"Your advice is good," said the king, and that evening while they slept, he crept into their room, and when he came to their bed, by the light of the moon he saw a proud young man lying there. The skin was lying on the floor. He took it away, had an enormous fire built outside, and had the skin thrown into it. He himself stayed there until it had burned entirely11 to ashes. He stayed awake and kept watch the entire night, because he wanted to see what the robbed man would do. When the young man awoke at the first light of morning, he got up and wanted to put on the donkey skin, but he could not find it.

Terrified, he spoke12 with sadness and fear, "I will have to run away."

He left the room, and the king, who was standing13 there, said, "My son, where are you going in such a hurry? Just what do you have in mind? Stay here. You are such a handsome man. Don't leave me. I will give you half my kingdom for now, and after my death you shall receive the other half."

"I wish a good conclusion for this good beginning," said the young man. "I shall stay here with you."

Then the old man gave him half his kingdom. He died a year later, and then he had the whole kingdom, and after the death of his father, another one as well. And he had a glorious life.

从前，有个国王和王后，他们很富有，简直享有一切他们所希望的东西，只是没有孩子。王后为此日夜伤感，说：“我就像块不长庄稼的地。”上帝最后成全了他，给他了个孩子，但这孩子根本不像人，而是头小毛驴。母亲不见则已见了叫苦连天，她说自己宁可不要孩子也不愿有头驴，并且还想把他扔进河里让鱼吃掉。但国王却说：“别这样，既然上帝把他赐给我们，他就该是我的儿子和继承人，在我死后戴上王冠坐上皇帝的宝座。”就这样，这驴子被养了下来，慢慢长大了，它的耳朵又细又长，向上直伸着。这驴儿天性活泼，到处跳跃、游戏，且特别爱好音乐。於是他走到一位有名的乐师那里，说“把你的本领教给我吧，我要把琴弹得和你一样好。”“啊，小少爷，”乐师说，“这对你来说就难了，你的手指实在太粗，不是块弹琴的料。我怕琴弦经不起。”但他的推脱没用，驴儿要弹琴，非学弹琴不可。他学起来又勤快、又刻苦，最后练得竟和师傅一样好了。

有一次，这小主人出去散步，脑子正在思考着甚么，不觉来到了一口井边。他往水中一瞧，见水面清澈如镜，那儿有自己的驴子模样。他懊丧极了，便带了忠实的仆人离家出走，到了很远的地方。他们四处漂泊，最后来到了一个王国，统治这个国家的是位年迈的国王，不过他有一位美丽绝伦的独身女。驴儿说：“我们就在这儿呆下吧！”说着就去敲城门，“外边有客，快开门让他进来！”有人说但是大门没有打开。他於是坐了下来，取出他的琴，伸出两只前腿弹起琴来，音乐非常优美动听。守城门的人听得睁大了眼，赶忙跑去报告国王：“门外坐着头驴子，琴儿弹得有大师那么棒。”“让那位音乐家到我这儿来吧！”国王说。当那驴儿一进来，所有的人都称讚起这位弹琴的来，他们让他坐下来和仆人一块儿吃饭，他却很不乐意，说：“我可不是头普通的驴子，我可是位贵族。”他们说：“如果你真是位贵族，就和武士们坐一起吧。”“不，我要坐在国王身旁。”国王微微一笑，很幽默地说：“好吧，就照你的意思办。小毛驴，到我这儿来吧。”然后他又问：“小毛驴，你觉得我女儿怎么样？”驴儿转过头看着她，点了点头，说“实在太美了！我还没见过像她这样漂亮的女孩。”“那么，好吧，你也该挨着她坐吧！”国王说。“那我是求之不得的呢！”驴儿一边说，一边紧挨着公主坐下。他又吃又喝，既举止优雅，又注意清洁卫生。

这高贵的驴儿在宫里住了一些时，他想：“这一切对我有何用呢？我得回家去。”於是他便难过地垂下了头，来到国王跟前，请求能让他走。但国王已经喜欢上他了，便说：“小毛驴，你甚么事儿不开心？你看起来就像一缸醋一样酸溜溜的。你要甚么我就给你甚么，你要金子吗？”“不，”驴儿摇头说。“你要珠宝和华贵的服装吗？”“不。”“我分给你半个王国，好吗？”“啊呀，不。”於是，国王说：“甚么能教你开心，你是不是想娶我的宝贝女儿做妻子？”“啊，是的是的。”他一下子变得高兴起来，那确实是他所希望的。於是他们举行了隆重而豪华的婚礼。新婚之夜，新郎和新娘被带进了洞房，国王想知道驴儿是不是举止温文尔雅，便命一个仆人躲在那里。他们双双走进了新房，新郎闩上了门，他以为只有他们俩在那里，只见他摔脱了身上的皮，站在那儿，竟是个英俊潇洒的青年。

篇3

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

A peasant had driven his cow to the fair and sold her for seven talers. On the way home he had to walk past a pond, and already from afar he heard the frogs crying, "ak, ak, ak, ak" [which in his language sounded like, "eight, eight, eight, eight"].

"Well," he said he to himself, "they are talking nonsense. It is seven that I was paid, not eight."

When he reached the water, he shouted to them, "You are stupid creatures. Don't you know any better than that? It is seven talers, not eight."

The frogs, however, kept up with their "ak, ak, ak, ak."

"Now then, if you won't believe it, I can count it out for you." Then taking his money out of his pocket, he counted out the seven talers, twenty-four groschens in each one.

However, the frogs paid no attention to his counting, and again cried out, "ak, ak, ak, ak."

"Aha!" shouted the peasant, quite angry. "If you think that you know better than I do, then count it yourselves," and he threw all the money at them into the water. He stood still, wanting to stay there until they were finished and had returned his money to him, but the frogs did not budge1 from their opinion, and continued to cry out, "ak, ak, ak, ak." And furthermore, they did not throw the money back to him.

He waited a long time, until evening finally came, and he had to go home. Then he cursed the frogs, shouting at them, "You water-splashers, you thick-heads, you goggle-eyes, you have big mouths and can shout until a person's ears hurt, but you cannot count seven talers. Do you think that I want to stand here until you are finished?"

Then he walked away, with the frogs still crying out after him, "ak, ak, ak, ak." He arrived at home in a sour mood.

Some time later he bought himself another cow, which he slaughtered2. He calculated that if he sold the meat for a good price, he could earn as much as the two cows had been worth together, and have the hide as well.

He went to town with the meat. An entire pack of dogs had gathered together just outside the town gate, with a large greyhound at the head of the pack. The greyhound jumped at the meat, sniffing3 and barking, "bow, wow, bow, wow."

When the dog would not stop, the peasant said to him, "Yes, I understand that you are saying, "bow, wow," because you want some of the meat, but I would be in a fine state if I gave it to you."

The dog's only answer was, "bow, wow."

"Will you not eat it all up, and will you be responsible for your companions?"

"Bow, wow, " said the dog.

"Well, if you insist on it, I will leave it with you. I know you well, and I know who your master is. But I am telling you, I must have my money in three days, or you will be sorry. You can just bring it out to me."

With this he unloaded the meat and turned back toward home. The dogs jumped on the meat, barking loudly, "bow, wow."

The peasant heard them from afar and said to himself, "Listen, they all want some, but the big dog will be responsible for it."

When three days had passed, the peasant thought, "Tonight you'll have the money in your pocket," and was quite satisfied. But no one came to pay him.

"No one is to be trusted nowadays," he said.

Finally he lost his patience and went to town and to the butcher, from whom he demanded his money. The butcher thought it was a joke, but the peasant said, "All joking aside, I want my money. Did not the big dog bring home to you an entire slaughtered cow three days ago?"

Then the butcher grew angry, picked up a broomstick and chased him out.

"Wait," said the peasant. "There is still some justice in the world," and he went to the royal palace and asked for a hearing. He was led before the king, who was sitting there with his daughter. The king asked him what injury he had suffered.

"Alas4," he said, "the frogs and the dogs stole my belongings5 from me, and the butcher paid me for my losses with a stick." Then he told them everything that had happened.

At this the king's daughter began to laugh out loud, and the king said to him, "I cannot make that right for you, but instead you shall have my daughter for your wife. She had never laughed before in her whole life, until just now at you, and I have promised her to the man who could make her laugh. You can thank God for your good fortune."

"Oh," answered the peasant, "I do not want her. I have one wife at home already, and she is too much for me. Whenever I go home, it is just as if I had a wife standing6 in every corner."

Then the king grew angry, and said, "You are a lout7."

"Alas, your majesty8," answered the peasant, "what can you expect from an ox, but beef?"

"Wait," replied the king. "You shall have another reward. Get out of here for now, but come back in three days, and then five hundred shall be counted out for you in full."

When the peasant passed through the gate, the sentry9 said, "You made the king's daughter laugh, so you must have received something very good."

"Yes, that is right," answered the peasant. "Five hundred are to be counted out to me."

"Listen," said the soldier. "Give me some of it. How can you spend all that money?"

"Because it is you," said the peasant, "you shall have two hundred. In three days report to the king, and have it counted out for you."

A Jew, who had been standing nearby and had overheard the conversation, ran after the peasant, took hold of his coat, and said, "Miracle of God, what a child of fortune you are! I will change it for you. I will change it for you into smaller coins. What do you want with hard talers?"

"Jew," said the peasant, "You can have three hundred. Give it to me right now in coins. Three days from now you will be paid for it by the king."

The Jew was delighted with his small profit, and brought the sum in bad groschens, three of which were worth two good ones. After three days had passed, in keeping with the king's order, the peasant went before the king.

"Pull off his coat," said the king "He shall have his five hundred."

"Alas," said the peasant, "they no longer belong to me. I gave two hundred of them to the sentry, and the Jew has changed three hundred for me, so rightfully nothing more belongs to me."

In the meantime the soldier and the Jew entered and demanded what they had received from the peasant, and they received the blows carefully counted out.

The soldier bore it patiently, for he already knew how it tasted, but the Jew cried out pitifully, "Oh my, oh my, are these the hard talers?"

The king had to laugh at the peasant, and when his anger had subsided10, he said, "Because you lost your reward even before you received it, I will replace it for you. Go into my treasure chamber11 and take as much money for yourself as you want."

The peasant did not need to be told twice, and he stuffed as much as would fit into his big pockets. After that he went to an inn and counted out his money.

The Jew had crept after him and heard him muttering to himself, "That rascal12 of a king has cheated me after all. If he himself had given me the money, then I would know how much I have. Now how can I know if what I had the luck to put into my pockets is right?"

"God forbid," said the Jew to himself, "he is speaking disrespectfully of his majesty. I will run and report him, and then I shall get a reward, and furthermore he will be punished."

When the king heard what the peasant had said he fell into a rage, and ordered the Jew to go and bring the offender13 to him.

The Jew ran to the peasant and said, "You are to go to his majesty the king at once, and just as you are."

"I know better than that what is right," answered the peasant. "First let me have a new coat made for myself. Do you think that a man with so much money in his pockets should go before the king in this tattered14 old coat?"

The Jew, seeing that the peasant could not be moved without another coat, and fearing that if the king's anger cooled, he himself would lose his reward, and the peasant his punishment, said, "Out of pure friendship I will lend you a handsome coat for a little while. What people will not do for love!"

The peasant was satisfied with this, put on the Jew's coat, and went off with him.

The king confronted the peasant with the evil things the Jew had accused him of saying.

"Oh," said the peasant, "what a Jew says is always a lie. No true word ever comes out of his mouth. That rascal there is even capable of claiming that I have his coat on."

"What are you saying?" shouted the Jew. "Is that coat not mine? Did I not lend it to you out of pure friendship, so that you could appear before his majesty the king?"

When the king heard this, he said, "For sure the Jew has deceived one of us, either myself or the peasant." And once again he had the Jew paid out in hard talers.

The peasant, however, went home wearing the good coat and with the good money in his pockets, saying to himself, "This time I made it."#p#

从前有个农夫，赶着一头母牛去集市出售，结果卖了七个银币。在回家的路上，他经过一个池塘，远远地就听到青蛙们在叫：「呱——呱——呱——呱——。「嘿，农夫自言自语地说，「你们真是在胡说八道。我只卖了七个银币，不是八个。他走到池塘边，冲着青蛙喊道：「你们这些愚蠢的东西！难道你们还没有搞清楚吗？是七个银币，不是八个！可是青蛙还在那里叫着：「呱，呱，呱，呱。「我说，要是你们真的不相信，我可以数给你们看。农夫说着便从口袋里掏出钱来数，并把二十个小钱算成一个银币，结果数来数去还是七个银币，然而青蛙们根本不管他数出来的钱是多少，只管一个劲地叫着：「呱，呱，呱，呱。「甚么？农夫生气地喊道，「要是你们自以为懂得比我还多，那你们就自己去数吧。他说着把钱全部扔进了水里。他站在池塘边，等待着青蛙们把钱数完后还给他，可是青蛙们却固执己见，仍然叫着：「呱，呱，呱，呱。牠们再也没有把钱还回来。农夫在那里等了很久，一直等到天黑，才不得不回家。临走的时候，他大声骂青蛙：「你们这些水鬼，你们这些蠢货，你们这些阔嘴巴、鼓眼睛的傢伙！你们整天吵得别人耳朵根不得清静，而你们居然连七个银币都数不清！你们以为我会一直呆在这里等着你们把钱数清吗？他说完这番话就走了，而青蛙们还在喊着：

「呱，呱，呱，呱，气得他到家时仍然憋着一肚子气。

过了一阵子，农夫又买了一头牛，把牠宰了。他一算计，发现自己不仅可以挣回两头牛的钱，而且还白得一张牛皮。於是，他把肉运到了城里；可是城门口有一大群狗，领头的是一只大狼犬。大狼犬围着牛肉跳来跳去，一面闻一面「汪，汪，汪地叫着。农夫看到自己怎么也制止不了牠，便对牠说：「是的，是的，我知道你那 '汪，汪，汪'的意思。你是想吃点肉，可要是我们肉给了你，我自己就倒霉了！但是狼犬只是回答「汪，汪，汪。「那么你愿不愿意答应不把肉全吃完，并且愿意为其他狗作担保呢？「汪，汪，汪，狼犬叫着。「好吧，要是你硬要这么做，我就把肉都留在这里。我认识你，也知道你在谁家当差。我把话说在头里，你必须在三天内把钱还给我，不然我叫你好看！你可以把钱送到我家去。说着，农夫就把肉卸在地上，转身回家去了。那群狗一下子扑到牛肉上，大声叫着：「汪，汪，汪！

农夫在远处听到牠们的叫声，自言自语地说：「听啊，牠们现在都想吃一点，但账得由那头大狼犬付。

三天过去了，农夫想：「今晚我的钱就可以装在我的口袋里了。想到这里，他非常高兴。然而谁也没有来给他还钱。「这年月谁也不能相信！他说。到最后他终於不耐烦了，只好进城找屠夫要钱。屠夫以为他是在开玩笑，可是农夫说：「谁和你开玩笑？我要我的钱！难道你的那条大狼犬三天前没有把一整头牛的肉给你送来吗？屠夫这次真的发火了，一把抓起扫帚把农夫赶了出去。「你等着，农夫说，「这世界上还有公道呢！他说着就跑到王宫去喊冤，结果被带去见国王。国王正和公主坐在一起，他问农夫有甚么冤屈。「天哪！他说，「青蛙和狗把我的钱拿走了，屠夫不但不认账，还用扫帚打我。接着，他把事情从头至尾讲了一遍，逗得公主开心地哈哈大笑。国王对他说：「这件事情我无法为你主持公道，不过我可以把我女儿嫁给你。她一辈子还从来没有像笑你那样大笑过；我许过愿，要把她嫁给能使她发笑的人。你能交上这样的好运，真得感谢上帝！

「哦，农夫回答，「我才不想娶你女儿呢。我已经有了一个老婆，而这个老婆我都嫌多。每次我回到家里，总觉得到处都有她似的。国王一听就生了气，说：「你真是个蠢货！「嗨，国王老爷，农夫说，「除了牛肉，你还能指望从牛身上得到甚么呢？「等等，国王说，「我另外给你一样奖赏吧。你现在去吧，过三天再回来。我要给你整整五百块银元。

农夫从宫门出来时，卫兵问他：「你把公主逗笑了，肯定得到甚么奖赏了吧？「我想是吧，农夫说，「国王要给我整整五百块银元呢。「你听我说，卫兵说，「你要那么多钱干甚么？分一点给我吧！「既然是你嘛，农夫说，「我就给你两百块吧。你三天后去见国王，让他把钱付给你好了。站在旁边的一位犹太人听到了他们的谈话，赶紧追上农夫，拽着他的外衣说：「我的天哪，你的运气真好啊！你要那些大银元做甚么？把它们换给我吧，我给你换成小钱。「犹太人，农夫说，「你还有三百块银元好拿，赶紧把小钱给我吧。三天后让国王把钱给你好了。犹太人很高兴自己佔到了便宜，给农夫拿来了一些坏铜钱。这种坏铜钱三枚只能值两枚。三天过去了，农夫按国王的吩咐，来到了国王的面前。国王突然说道：「脱掉他的外衣，给他五百板子。「嗨，农夫说道，「这五百已经不属於我了。我把其中的两百送给了卫兵，把另外的三百换给了犹太人，所以它们根本不属於我。就在这时，卫兵和犹太人进来向国王要钱，结果分别如数挨了板子。卫兵因为尝过板子的滋味，所以挺了过来；犹太人却伤心地说：「天哪，天哪，这就是那些沉重的银元吗？国王忍不住对农夫笑了，怒气也消失了。他说：「既然你在得到给你的奖赏之前就已经失去了，我愿意给你一些补偿。你到我的宝库去取一些钱吧！愿意拿多少就拿多少。这句话农夫一听就懂，把他的大口袋装得满满的，然后他走进一家酒店，数着他的钱。犹太人悄悄跟在他的后面，听见他在低声嘀咕：「那个混蛋国王到底还是把我给骗了！他干吗不自己把钱给我呢？这样我就能知道他究竟给了我多少。他现在让我自己把钱装进口袋，我怎么知道有多少钱呢？「我的天哪，犹太人心中想道，「这个傢伙居然在说国王大人的坏话。我要跑去告诉国王，这样我就能得到奖赏，而这傢伙就会受到惩罚。

国王听了农夫说过的话大发雷霆，命令犹太人去把农夫抓来。犹太人跑到农夫那里，对他说：「国王让你赶紧去见他。「我知道怎么去更好，农夫回答，「我要先请裁缝给我做件新外套。你认为口袋里装着这么多钱的人能穿着这身旧衣服去见国王吗？犹太人看到农夫怎么也不愿意穿着旧衣服去见国王，怕时间一长国王的怒火平息了，自己会得不到奖赏，农夫也会免遭惩罚，便对他说：「纯粹是出於友谊，我暂时把我的外套借给你。为了友爱，人可是甚么事情都肯做的呀！农夫对这种安排很满意，便穿上犹太人的外套，和他一起去见国王。

国王责问农夫为甚么要说犹太人所告发的那些坏话。

篇4

The Golden Key

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

Once in the wintertime when the snow was very deep， a poor boy had to go out and fetch wood on a sled. After he had gathered it together and loaded it， he did not want to go straight home， because he was so frozen1， but instead to make a fire and warm himself a little first. So he scraped2 the snow away， and while he was thus clearing the ground he found a small golden key. Now he believed that where there was a key， there must also be a lock， so he dug in the ground and found a little iron chest. “If only the key fits！” he thought. “Certainly there are valuable things in the chest.” He looked， but there was no keyhole. Finally he found one， but so small that it could scarcely3 be seen. He tried the key， and fortunately it fitted. Then he turned it once， and now we must wait until he has finished unlocking4 it and has opened the lid. Then we shall find out what kind of wonderful things there were in the little chest.

隆冬，积雪覆盖大地，一个贫苦的小男孩不得不出门，滑着雪橇去拾柴。拣到柴，把它们捆起来后，小男孩多么希望他不必立刻回家，能就地升上一堆火暖暖身子啊，他快冻僵了。於是他把雪扒到一边，清理出一块地方来，这时他发现了一把小小的金钥匙。他想，既然钥匙在，锁也一定就在附近，便往地里挖，挖出了个铁盒子。“要是这钥匙能配这铁锁就好了！”他想，“那小盒子里一定有许多珍宝。”他找了找，却找不到锁眼。最后他发现了一个小孔，小得几乎看不见。他试了试，钥匙正好能。他转动了钥匙，现在我们要等一等，待他把铁盒子打开，揭开盖子，就会知道盒子里有甚么好东西了。

篇5

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

A king had a daughter who was beautiful beyond all measure, but at the same time so proud and arrogant1 that no suitor was good enough for her. She rejected one after the other, ridiculing2 them as well.

Once the king sponsored a great feast and invited from far and near all the men wanting to get married. They were all placed in a row according to their rank and standing3. First came the kings, then the grand dukes, then the princes, the earls, the barons4, and the aristocracy. Then the king's daughter was led through the ranks, but she objected to something about each one. One was too fat: "The wine barrel," she said. Another was too tall: "Thin and tall, no good at all." The third was too short: "Short and thick is never quick." The fourth was too pale: "As pale as death." The fifth too red: "A prize rooster." The sixth was not straight enough: "Green wood, dried behind the stove."

And thus she had some objection to each one, but she ridiculed6 especially one good king who stood at the very top of the row, and whose chin had grown a little crooked7. "Look!" she cried out, laughing, "He has a chin like a thrush's beak8." And from that time he was called Thrushbeard.

Now the old king, seeing that his daughter did nothing but ridicule5 the people, making fun of all the suitors who were gathered there, became very angry, and he swore that she should have for her husband the very first beggar to come to his door.

A few days later a minstrel came and sang beneath the window, trying to earn a small handout9.

When the king heard him he said, "Let him come up."

So the minstrel, in his dirty, ragged10 clothes, came in and sang before the king and his daughter, and when he was finished he asked for a small gift.

The king said, "I liked your song so much that I will give you my daughter for a wife."

The king's daughter took fright, but the king said, "I have taken an oath to give you to the very first beggar, and I will keep it."

Her protests did not help. The priest was called in, and she had to marry the minstrel at once. After that had happened the king said, "It is not proper for you, a beggar's wife, to stay in my palace any longer. All you can do now is to go away with your husband."

The beggar led her out by the hand, and she had to leave with him, walking on foot.

They came to a large forest, and she asked, "Who owns this beautiful forest?"

"It belongs to King Thrushbeard. If you had taken him, it would be yours."

"Oh, I am a miserable11 thing; If only I'd taken the Thrushbeard King."

Afterwards they crossed a meadow, and she asked again, "Who owns this beautiful green meadow?"

"It belongs to king Thrushbeard. If you had taken him, it would be yours."

"Oh, I am a miserable thing; If only I'd taken the Thrushbeard King."

Then they walked through a large town, and she asked again, "Who owns this beautiful large town?"

"It belongs to king Thrushbeard. If you had taken him, it would be yours."

"Oh, I am a miserable thing; If only I'd taken the Thrushbeard King."

"I do not like you to always be wishing for another husband," said the minstrel. "Am I not good enough for you?"

At last they came to a very little hut, and she said, "Oh goodness. What a small house. Who owns this miserable tiny hut?"

The minstrel answered, "This is my house and yours, where we shall live together."

She had to stoop in order to get in the low door.

"Where are the servants?" said the king's daughter.

"What servants?" answered the beggar. "You must do for yourself what you want to have done. Now make a fire at once, put some water on to boil, so you can cook me something to eat. I am very tired."

But the king's daughter knew nothing about lighting12 fires or cooking, and the beggar had to lend a hand himself to get anything done at all. When they had finished their scanty13 meal they went to bed. But he made her get up very early the next morning in order to do the housework.

For a few days they lived in this way, as well as they could, but they finally came to the end of their provisions.

Then the man said, "Wife, we cannot go on any longer eating and drinking here and earning nothing. You must weave baskets." He went out, cut some willows14, and brought them home. Then she began to weave baskets, but the hard willows cut into her delicate hands.

"I see that this will not do," said the man. "You had better spin. Perhaps you can do that better." She sat down and tried to spin, but the hard thread soon cut into her soft fingers until they bled.

"See," said the man. "You are not good for any sort of work. I made a bad bargain with you. Now I will try to start a business with pots and earthenware15. You must sit in the marketplace and sell them."

"Oh!" she thought. "If people from my father's kingdom come to the market and see me sitting there selling things, how they will ridicule me!"

But her protests did not help. She had to do what her husband demanded, unless she wanted to die of hunger.

At first it went well. People bought the woman's wares16 because she was beautiful, and they paid her whatever she asked. Many even gave her the money and let her keep the pots. So they lived on what she earned as long as it lasted. Then the husband bought a lot of new pottery17. She sat down with this at the corner of the marketplace and set it around her for sale. But suddenly there came a drunken hussar galloping18 along, and he rode right into the pots, breaking them into a thousand pieces. She began to cry, and was so afraid that she did not know what to do.

"Oh! What will happen to me?" she cried. "What will my husband say about this?" She ran home and told him of the misfortune.

"Who would sit at the corner of the marketplace with earthenware?" said the man. "Now stop crying. I see very well that you are not fit for any ordinary work. Now I was at our king's palace and asked if they couldn't use a kitchen maid. They promised me to take you. In return you will get free food."

The king's daughter now became a kitchen maid, and had to be available to the cook, and to do the dirtiest work. In each of her pockets she fastened a little jar, in which she took home her share of the leftovers19. And this is what they lived on.

It happened that the wedding of the king's eldest20 son was to be celebrated21, so the poor woman went up and stood near the door of the hall to look on. When all the lights were lit, and people, each more beautiful than the other, entered, and all was full of pomp and splendor22, she thought about her plight23 with a sad heart, and cursed the pride and haughtiness24 which had humbled26 her and brought her to such great poverty.

The smell of the delicious dishes which were being taken in and out reached her, and now and then the servants threw her a few scraps27, which she put in her jar to take home.

Then suddenly the king's son entered, clothed in velvet28 and silk, with gold chains around his neck. When he saw the beautiful woman standing by the door he took her by the hand and wanted danced with her. But she refused and took fright, for she saw that he was King Thrushbeard, the suitor whom she had rejected with scorn.

Her struggles did not help. He pulled her into the hall. But the string that tied up her pockets broke, and the pots fell to the floor. The soup ran out, and the scraps flew everywhere. When the people saw this, everyone laughed and ridiculed her. She was so ashamed that she would rather have been a thousand fathoms29 beneath the ground. She jumped out the door and wanted to run away, but a man overtook her on the stairs and brought her back. And when she looked at him, it was King Thrushbeard again.

He said to her kindly30, "Don't be afraid. I and the minstrel who has been living with you in that miserable hut are one and the same. For the love of you I disguised myself. And I was also the hussar who broke your pottery to pieces. All this was done to humble25 your proud spirit and to punish you for the arrogance31 with which you ridiculed me."

Then she cried bitterly and said, "I was terribly wrong, and am not worthy32 to be your wife."

But he said, "Be comforted. The evil days are past. Now we will celebrate our wedding."

Then the maids-in-waiting came and dressed her in the most splendid clothing, and her father and his whole court came and wished her happiness in her marriage with King Thrushbeard, and their true happiness began only now.

I wish that you and I had been there as well. #p#

从前， 有一位国王， 膝下有一个女儿， 美丽非凡， 却因此而傲慢无理， 目中无人， 求婚的人里没有谁中她的意。 她不但一个接一个地拒绝他们的美意， 而且还对人家冷嘲热讽。

有一回， 国王举行盛大宴会， 邀请了各地所有希望结婚的男子。 先入席的是几个国王， 接着入席的是王子、公爵、伯爵和男爵，最后入席的是其余所有应邀而来男子。 公主走过这个行列， 可对每一位横挑鼻子竖挑眼， 这位太胖啦， 她就用轻蔑的口气说道： “好一个啤酒桶。 ”那个呢， 又高又瘦， 她就评头论足地说道： “活像一只大蚊子。 ”下一个呢， 太矮啦……“五大三粗， 笨手笨脚。 ”她又说道。 第四个呢，脸色太苍白啦， “一具死尸。 ”；第五个， 脸太红润……“一只公火鸡。 ”第六个呢， 身板儿不够直……“像一快放在炉子后面烤干的弯木头。 ”就这样， 她看谁都不顺眼。

有一位国王， 下巴长得有点儿翘， 更是免不了遭到她的大肆嘲笑挖苦。 “我的天哪！ ”她一边放声大笑一边高声地说， “瞧这家伙的下巴呀， 长得跟画眉嘴一模一样啊！ ”打那以后， 这位国王就落了个诨名——画眉嘴。 老国王发现女儿只是在嘲弄人家，对每个前来求婚的人都嗤之以鼻， 便大动干火， 发誓要把她嫁给第一个上门来讨饭的叫花子。

几天以后， 一个走街窜巷卖唱的人在王宫的窗下唱起歌来， 想讨一点儿施舍。 国王听见了歌声， 便吩咐把这个人带来见他。 卖唱的衣衫褴褛， 肮脏龌龊， 来到国王和公主面前唱了起来， 唱完便恳求给他一点儿赏赐。

国王对他说： “你的歌让我很开心， 我就把我的女儿许配给你吧。 ”

公主一听， 吓得浑身发抖， 国王却接着说： “我发过誓， 要把她嫁给第一个到这儿来讨饭的叫花子， 我得言而有信。 ”

抗旨不遵完全是徒劳的。 于是， 请来了牧师， 为公主和这个走街窜巷卖唱的人举行了婚礼。

婚礼结束后， 国王说道： “现在你已是一个叫花子的老婆了， 不宜再留宫中。 你和你丈夫快上路吧。 ”

叫花子牵着她的手往外就走， 公主不得不跟着他离开了王宫。 他们俩来到一片大树林前面， 公主问： “这片树林是谁的”

卖唱的便回答道：“是那位心地善良的画眉嘴国王的呀，要是你当初嫁给他， 现在不就是你的吗”

公主听了回答说：“我这个可怜的女孩子啊， 当初有点儿翘尾巴， 要是嫁给画眉嘴国王就好啦。 ”

随后， 他们俩来到一片绿草地， 公主又问： “这片美丽的绿草地是谁的”“是那位心地善良的画眉嘴国王的呀，要是你当初嫁给他， 现在不就是你的吗”

于是， 公主又唉声叹气地说：“我这个可怜的女孩子啊， 当初有点儿翘尾巴， 要是嫁给画眉嘴国王就好啦。 ”

接着， 他们俩来到一座大城市， 公主又问： “这座美丽的城市是谁的”“是那位心地善良的画眉嘴国王的呀，要是你当初嫁给他， 现在不就是你的吗”

公主听了说：“我这个可怜的女孩子啊， 当初有点儿翘尾巴， 要是嫁给画眉嘴国王该多好啦。 ”“你老是渴望嫁给另一个男人， ”卖唱的说， “我听了真气愤。 难道我配不上你吗”

最后， 他们俩来到一所很小的房子前， 她大声地问：“这么小的房子我还没见过，天哪， 它会是什么人的窝卖唱的回答说： ”这是我的房子， 也是你的家， 我们就共同生活在这里。 “

房门又矮又小， 公主进去时， 不得不弯下腰来， 不然就会碰了头。“佣人在哪儿呢”公主问道。“哪来的佣人呀。 ”叫花子回答说， “干什么事你都得自己动手。 喏， 你得快点儿把火生起来， 把水烧开， 然后给我煮饭。 我已经累得不行了。 ”

可是， 公主哪里会生火煮饭呀， 叫花子只得自己动手， 不然就得挨饿。 他们的晚饭很简单， 晚饭后， 就休息了。 谁知第二天一大早， 他就把她赶下床， 逼着她做家务事。

他们就这样过了几天， 吃完了所有的存粮， 丈夫于是说： “老婆， 你看， 咱们这样光吃饭， 不挣钱， 可怎么活下去呀， 你来编筐子吧。 ”

说罢， 他就出去砍了些柳枝， 扛回家来。 公主开始编筐子， 可柳枝又粗又硬， 把她娇嫩的双手全弄伤了。“我觉得， ”丈夫说， “这样不行啊， 别编筐子啦， 你还是纺线吧， 也许你会在行些。 ”

于是， 她开始坐下来试着纺线， 可是纱线很粗糙， 把她柔软的手指勒得鲜血直流。“你看看， ”丈夫又说道， “这算怎么一回事嘛。 你什么也干不了， 娶了你当老婆， 我算倒霉透啦。 现在我得做一做陶器生意， 卖锅碗瓢盆什么的。 你呢， 得到市场上去叫卖。 ”“天哪， ”她心想， “要是我父亲王国里的人来赶集， 看到我在那儿叫卖锅碗瓢盆， 他们一定会嘲笑我的！ ”

可是， 又有什么别的出路呢不然就得活活饿死。 一开始， 她的生意还不错。 人们见她长得漂亮， 都来买她的东西， 而且连价也不还。 的确， 有几个人付了钱， 却又把锅子作为礼物送给她。

夫妻俩靠她卖来的钱生活了一段时间， 然后丈夫又进了一批陶器。 她坐在市场的一个角落里， 把锅碗瓢盆什么的摆放在自己的周围，叫卖起来。 谁知一个喝得醉熏熏的骑兵突然打这儿急驰而过， 那匹马冲进她的货摊， 把所有的陶器踩得粉碎。 公主放声大哭， 束手无策。“我的天呀， 我该怎么办哪”她呜咽着说， “我丈夫会怎么骂我呀。 ”于是， 她跑回家里， 跟丈夫说了自己的遭遇。“你是一个卖陶器的小贩子， 哭管什么用， ”她丈夫说， “你什么活儿也干不了。 我只得跑到咱们国王的宫殿里， 打听了一下你能不能在那儿当个帮厨女佣。 人家答应先试用一段时间， 还有， 你在那里可以白吃饭。 ”

这样一来，公主就变成了帮厨女佣。 她给大师傅打下手， 干各种最脏的活儿。 她在衣服里缝了一个口袋， 在口袋里放了一只带盖的罐子， 每天把残羹剩饭盛在里面， 带回家中糊口。

为了庆祝国王的长子满十八岁， 国王举行了盛大的舞会。 在那个不同寻常的夜晚， 可怜的年轻女佣躲在上面大厅的门后， 偷偷地观望。她目睹着蜡烛一根根点燃， 宾客们一个个步入大厅， 全都衣着华丽， 光彩照人。 面对眼前富丽堂皇、令人眼花缭乱的景像，她不无哀伤地想起自己悲惨的命运， 站在那里几乎泣不成声。 自己一向傲慢无理， 目中无人， 才落到今天这般贫穷凄惨的境地， 她感到痛悔不已。美味佳肴端进端出， 香味扑鼻， 她馋得口水直流， 仆人们不时扔给她一些残渣剩菜， 她便装进罐子里， 准备带回家去。

国王的长子身着天鹅绒和绸缎衣服， 衣服上镶嵌着钻石， 脖子上挂着金项链， 正朝大厅走去， 发现这个可怜的女子站在门后，正偷偷地观望着舞会的情景， 王子一把抓住她的手， 要和她跳舞， 她却不肯。 她认出这位王子正是曾经向她求过婚，被她嘲弄侮辱过的那个画眉嘴国王， 不禁吓得浑身发抖。 可是， 不管她怎样挣扎， 王子还是硬将她拉进了舞厅。 不料， 她用来系口袋的线绳，就在这时断了， 罐子一下子滚了出来， 汤汤水水流了一地， 残渣剩菜撒得到处都是。 人们一见哄堂大笑， 她成了众人的笑柄，羞愧得恨不得有个地缝钻进去。 她朝门口冲了过去， 想要逃走， 可在台阶上被一个男子拦住了去路， 又给拉了回来。 她定睛一看，这个男子又是画眉嘴国王， 国王用亲切和蔼的语气对她说：“别怕， 我和那个跟你生活在破破烂烂的小房子里的叫花子， 原本是一个人哪。 我很爱你， 才乔装打扮成叫花子；那个喝得醉熏熏的、冲进你的货摊， 把陶器踩得粉碎的骑兵， 也是我呀。 我做这些， 全是为了克服你的傲慢无礼， 惩罚你对新郎的嘲弄。 ”

公主听罢， 痛哭流涕， 抽泣着对国王说： “我真是太不应该了， 不配做您的妻子。 ”

篇6

Once upon a time there was a miller1. He lived contentedly2 with his wife. They had money and land, and their prosperity increased from year to year. But misfortune comes overnight. Just as their wealth had increased, so did it decrease from year to year, until finally the miller scarcely owned even the mill where he lived. He was in great distress4, and when he lay down after a day's work, he found no rest, but tossed and turned in his bed, filled with worries.

One morning he got up before daybreak and went outside, thinking that the fresh air would lighten his heart. As he was walking across the mill dam, the first sunbeam was just appearing, and he heard something rippling5 in the pond.

Turning around, he saw a beautiful woman rising slowly out of the water. Her long hair, which she was holding above her shoulders with her soft hands, flowed down on both sides, and covered her white body. He saw very well that she was the nixie of the pond, and he was so frightened that he did not know whether to run away or stay where he was. But the nixie, speaking with a soft voice, called him by name and asked him why he was so sad.

At first the miller was speechless, but when he heard her speak so kindly6, he took heart and told her how he had lived with good fortune and wealth, but that now he was so poor that he did not know what to do.

"Be at ease," answered the nixie. "I will make you richer and happier than you have ever been before. You must only promise to give me that which has just been born in your house."

"What else can that be," thought the miller, "but a young dog or a young cat," and he promised her what she demanded.

The nixie descended7 into the water again, and consoled and in good spirits he hurried back to his mill. He had not yet arrived there when the maid came out of the front door and called out to him that he should rejoice, for his wife had given birth to a little boy.

The miller stood there as though he had been struck by lightning. He saw very well that the cunning nixie had known this and had cheated him. With his head lowered he went to his wife's bed. When she said, "Why are you not happy with the beautiful boy?" he told her what had happened to him, and what kind of a promise he had given to the nixie.

"What good to me are good fortune and prosperity," he added, "if I am to lose my child? But what can I do?"

Even the relatives who had come to congratulate them did not have any advice for him.

In the meantime, good fortune returned to the miller's house. He succeeded in everything that he undertook. It was as though the trunks and strongboxes filled themselves of their own accord, and as though money in a chest multiplied overnight. Before long his wealth was greater than it had ever been before. However, it did not bring him happiness without concern, for his agreement with the nixie tormented8 his heart. Whenever he passed the pond he feared she might appear and demand payment of his debt.

He never allowed the boy himself to go near the water. "Beware!" he said to him. "If you touch the water a hand will appear, take hold of you, and pull you under."

However, year after year passed, and the nixie made no further appearance, so the miller began to feel at ease.

The boy grew up to be a young man and was apprenticed9 to a huntsman. When he had learned this trade and had become a skilled huntsman, the lord of the village took him into his service. In the village there lived a beautiful and faithful maiden10 whom the huntsman liked, and when his master noticed this, he gave him a little house. The two were married, lived peacefully and happily, and loved each other sincerely.

One day the huntsman was pursuing a deer. When the animal ran out of the woods and into an open field he followed it and finally brought it down with a single shot.

He did not notice that he was in the vicinity of the dangerous millpond, and after he had dressed out the deer, he went to the water in order to wash his blood-stained hands. However, he had scarcely dipped them into the water when the nixie emerged. Laughing, she wrapped her wet arms around him, then pulled him under so quickly that waves splashed over him.#p#副标题#e#

When it was evening and the huntsman did not return home, his wife became frightened. She went out to look for him. He had often told her that he had to be on his guard against the nixie's snares11, and that he did not dare to go near the millpond, so she already suspected what had happened. She hurried to the water, and when she found his hunting bag lying on the bank, she could no longer have any doubt of the misfortune. Crying and wringing12 her hands, she called her beloved by name, but to no avail. She hurried across to the other side of the millpond, and called him anew. She cursed the nixie with harsh words, but no answer followed. The surface of the water remained calm; only the moon's half face stared steadily13 back up at her.

The poor woman did not leave the pond. With fast strides, never stopping to rest, she walked around it again and again, sometimes in silence, sometimes crying out loudly, sometimes sobbing14 softly. Finally her strength gave out, and she sank down to the ground, falling into a heavy sleep. She was soon immersed in a dream.

She was fearfully climbing upwards15 between large rocky cliffs. Thorns and briers were hacking16 at her feet. Rain was beating into her face. The wind was billowing her long hair about. When she reached the top a totally different sight presented itself to her. The sky was blue, a soft breeze was blowing, the ground sloped gently downwards17, and in a green meadow, dotted with colorful flowers, stood a neat cottage. She walked up to it and opened the door. There sat an old woman with white hair, who beckoned18 to her kindly.

At that moment, the poor woman awoke. It was already daylight, and she decided19 at once to follow her dream. With difficulty she climbed the mountain, and everything was just as she had seen it during the night. The old woman received her kindly, showing her a chair where she was to sit.

"You must have met with misfortune," she said, "having sought out my lonely cottage."

The woman related with tears what had happened to her.

"Be comforted," said the old woman. "I will help you. Here is a golden comb for you. Wait until the full moon has risen, then go to the millpond, sit down on the bank and comb your long black hair with this comb. When you are finished set it down on the bank, and you will see what will happen."

The woman returned home, but the time passed slowly for her until the full moon came. Finally the shining disk appeared in the heaven, and she went out to the millpond, sat down, and combed her long black hair with the golden comb. When she was finished she set it down at the water's edge. Before long there came a motion from beneath the water. A wave arose, rolled onto the bank, and carried the comb away with it. In not more time than it took for the comb to sink to the bottom, the surface of the water parted, and the huntsman's head emerged. He said nothing, only looking at his wife with sorrowful glances. That same instant a second wave rushed up and covered her husband's head. Then everything vanished. The millpond lay as peaceful as before, with only the face of the full moon shining on it.

Filled with sorrow, the woman returned, but she saw the old woman's cottage in a dream.

The next morning she again set out and told her sorrows to the wise woman. The old woman gave her a golden flute20, and said, "Wait until the full moon comes again, then take this flute. Sit on the bank and play a beautiful tune3 on it. When you are finished set it in the sand. Then you will see what will happen."

The woman did what the old woman had told her to do. No sooner was the flute lying in the sand than there was a motion from beneath the water, and a wave rushed up and carried the flute away with it. Immediately afterwards the water parted, and not only her husband's head, but half of his body emerged as well. He stretched out his arms longingly21 towards her, but a second wave rushed up, covered him, and pulled him down again.

"Oh, what does it help me," said the unhappy woman, "for me only to see my beloved and then to lose him again?"

Despair filled her heart anew, but a dream led her a third time to the old woman's house. She went there, and the wise woman gave her a golden spinning wheel, comforted her, and said, "Everything is not yet fulfilled. Wait until the full moon comes, then take the spinning wheel, sit on the bank, and spin the spool23 full. When you have done this place the spinning wheel at the water's edge, and you will see what will happen."

The woman did everything exactly as she had been told. As soon as the full moon appeared she carried the golden spinning wheel to the bank, and span diligently24 until she was out of flax, and the spool was completely filled with thread. She had scarcely placed the wheel on the bank when there was a more violent motion than before from the water's depth. Then a powerful wave rushed up and carried the wheel away with it.

Immediately the head and the whole body of her husband emerged in a waterspout. He quickly jumped to the bank, caught his wife by the hand, and fled. They had gone only a little distance when the entire millpond arose with a terrible roar, then with terrible force streamed out across the countryside. The fugitives25 saw death before their eyes, when the wife in her terror called out for the old woman to help them, and they were instantly transformed, she into a toad26, he into a frog.

The flood which had overtaken them could not destroy them, but it separated them and carried them far away. When the water receded27 and they both reached dry land again, their human forms returned again, but neither knew where the other one was. They found themselves among strange people who did not know their native land. High mountains and deep valleys lay between them. In order to earn a living, they both had to herd28 sheep. For long years they drove their flocks through fields and woods, and were filled with sorrow and longing22.

One day when spring had once again broken forth29 on the earth, they both went out with their flocks, and as chance would have it, they moved toward one another. He saw a herd on a distant mountainside and drove his sheep toward it. They met in a valley but did not recognize one another, but they were happy that they were no longer so alone. From then on every day they drove their flocks next to each other. They did not speak much, but they did feel comforted.

One evening when the full moon was shining in the sky, and the sheep were already at rest, the shepherd took his flute out of his pocket and played on it a beautiful but sorrowful tune. When he had finished he saw that the shepherdess was crying bitterly.

"Why are you crying? he asked.

篇7

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

An old woman lived in a village. She had gathered a serving of beans and wanted to cook them, so she prepared a fire in her fireplace. To make it burn faster she lit it with a handful of straw. While she was pouring the beans into the pot, one of them fell unnoticed to the floor, coming to rest next to a piece of straw. Soon afterward1 a glowing coal jumped out of the fireplace and landed next to them.

The straw said, "Dear friends, where do you come from?"

The coal answered, "I jumped from the fireplace, to my good fortune. If I had not forced my way out, I surely would have died. I would have burned to ash."

The bean said, "I too saved my skin. If the old woman had gotten me into the pot I would have been cooked to mush without mercy, just like my comrades."

"Would my fate have been any better?" said the straw. "The old woman sent all my brothers up in fire and smoke. She grabbed sixty at once and killed them. Fortunately I slipped through her fingers."

"What should we do now?" asked the coal.

"Because we have so fortunately escaped death," answered the bean, "I think that we should join together as comrades. To prevent some new misfortune from befalling us here, let us together make our way to another land."

This proposal pleased the other two, and they set forth2 all together.

They soon came to a small brook3, and because there was neither a bridge nor a walkway there, they did not know how they would get across it.

Then the straw had a good idea, and said, "I will lay myself across it, and you can walk across me like on a bridge."

So the straw stretched himself from one bank to the other. The coal, who was a hot-headed fellow, stepped brashly onto the newly constructed bridge, but when he got to the middle and heard the water rushing beneath him, he took fright, stopped, and did not dare to go any further. Then the straw caught fire, broke into two pieces, and fell into the brook. The coal slid after him, hissed4 as he fell into the water, and gave up the ghost.

The bean who had cautiously stayed behind on the bank had to laugh at the event. He could not stop, and he laughed so fiercely that he burst. Now he too would have died, but fortunately a wandering tailor was there, resting near the brook. Having a compassionate5 heart, he got out a needle and thread and sewed the bean back together.

The bean thanked him most kindly6. However, because he had used black thread, since that time all beans have had a black seam.

一座村子里住着一位贫穷的老太太，她摘了一盘豆子，准备煮熟了吃。她在炉子里点上火，为了让炉子烧得快一点，她生炉子的时候用了一把麦草。当把豆子倒进锅里时，她没有注意到一粒豆子掉了出来，落在地上的一根麦草旁。不一会儿，一块燃烧的煤炭也从炉子中跳了出来，落在它俩的旁边。於是，麦草开口说：「亲爱的朋友们，你们从哪里来呀？煤块答道：「我总算幸运地从火里跳出来了。要是我没有使劲跳出来，我必死无疑，一定会被烧成灰烬。豆子说：「我也成功地逃了出来，可要是那老太太把我倒进了锅子，我肯定会像我的夥伴们一样，被她毫不留情地煮成浓汤。「难道我不是不幸中之万幸吗？麦草问，「那个老太太把我所有的兄弟塞进炉火里，变成了轻烟。她一把就抓住了六十根，要了它们的命。幸好我从她的指缝里溜掉了。

「可我们现在怎么办呢？煤块问。

篇8

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

There was a man whose wife died, and a woman whose husband died. The man had a daughter, and the woman also had a daughter. The girls were acquainted with each other and went for a walk together. Afterwards they came to the woman in her house.

The woman said to the man's daughter, "Listen, tell your father that I would like to marry him, and then you shall wash yourself in milk every morning and drink wine, but my own daughter shall wash herself in water and drink water."

The girl went home and told her father what the woman had said.

The man said, "What shall I do? Marriage is a joy, but also a torment1."

Finally, being unable to reach a decision, he pulled off his boot and said, "Take this boot. It has a hole in its sole. Take it to the attic2, hang it on the big nail, and then pour water into it. If it holds the water, then I shall again take a wife, but if the water runs through it, then I shall not."

The girl did as she was told, but the water pulled the hole shut, and the boot filled up to the top. She told her father what had happened. Then he himself went up, and when he saw that she was right, he went to the widow and wooed her, and the wedding was held.

The next morning when the two girls got up, there was milk for the man's daughter to wash in and wine for her to drink, but there was water for the woman's daughter to wash herself with and water for her to drink. On the second morning there was water for washing and water to drink for the man's daughter as well as for the woman's daughter. And on the third morning there was water for washing and water to drink for the man's daughter, and milk for washing and wine to drink for the woman's daughter, and so it continued.

The woman became her stepdaughter's worst enemy, and from one day to the next she did whatever she could to make the stepdaughter's life more miserable3. Furthermore, she was envious4 because her stepdaughter was beautiful and kind, while her own daughter was ugly and disgusting.

Once in winter, when everything was frozen as hard as a stone, and the hills and valleys were covered with snow, the woman made a dress of paper, called her stepdaughter, and said, "Here, put this dress on and go out into the woods and fetch me a basketful of strawberries. I have a longing5 for some."

"Good heaven." said the girl. "Strawberries don't grow in the winter. The ground is frozen, and furthermore the snow has covered everything. And why am I to go out in this paper dress? It is so cold outside that one's breath freezes. The wind will blow through the dress, and the thorns will tear it from my body."

"Will you contradict me?" said the stepmother. "Be on your way, and do not let me see you again until you have the basketful of strawberries." Then she gave her a little piece of hard bread and said, "You can eat from this all day," while thinking, "You will freeze and starve to death out there, and I shall never see you again."

The girl obeyed and put on the paper dress and went out with the basket. There was nothing but snow far and wide, and not a green blade was to be seen. After coming into the woods she saw a small house. Three little dwarfs6 peeped out. She greeted them and gently knocked on the door.

They shouted, "Come in," and she went into the room and sat down on the bench by the stove to warm herself and eat her breakfast.

The dwarfs said, "Give us some of it, too."

"Gladly," she said, and broke her piece of bread in two, giving them half."

They asked, "What are you doing here in the woods in the wintertime and in your thin dress."

"Oh," she answered, "I am supposed to gather a basketful of strawberries, and am not allowed to go home until I have them."

When she had eaten her bread they gave her a broom and said, "Sweep away the snow next to the back door."

Once she was outside, the three little men said to one another, "What shall we give her for being so polite and good and sharing her bread with us."

The first one said, "I grant her that every day she shall grow more beautiful."

The second one said, "I grant her that gold pieces shall fall from her mouth every time she speaks a word."

The third one said, "I grant her that a king shall come and take her to wife."

The girl did what the dwarfs told her to, and with the broom she swept the snow away from behind the little house, and what do you think she found? Nothing other than ripe strawberries, which came up out of the snow quite dark red. Joyfully7 she gathered her basketful, thanked the little men, shook hands with each of them, then ran home to take her stepmother what she had demanded.

Upon entering she said, "Good-evening," and a piece of gold fell out of her mouth. Then she told what had happened to her in the woods, but with every word she spoke8 gold pieces fell from her mouth, and soon the whole room was covered with them.

"Just look at her arrogance," shouted the stepsister, "to throw gold about in such a manner." But she was secretly envious, and she too wanted to go into the woods to look for strawberries.

The mother said, "No, my dear little daughter, it is too cold. You could freeze to death."

However, her daughter gave no peace, so finally the mother gave in. She sewed a magnificent fur coat for her and had her put it on. She gave her buttered bread and cake for her journey.

The girl went into the woods and straight up to the little house. The three little dwarfs peeped out again, but she did not greet them. Without looking at them and without greeting them, she stumbled into the room, sat down by the stove, and began to eat her buttered bread and cake.

"Give us some of it," shouted the little men.#p#

She replied, "There is not enough for me myself. How can I give some of it to others?"

When she was finished eating they said, "Here is a broom for you. Sweep in front of the back door."

"Sweep for yourselves," she answered. "I am not your maid."

Seeing that they were not going to give her anything, she walked out the door.

Then the little men said to one another, "What shall we give her for being so impolite and having a wicked and envious heart that will never let her give a thing to anyone?"

The first one said, "I grant that every day she shall grow uglier."

The second one said, "I grant that a toad9 shall jump out of her mouth with every word she says."

The third one said, "I grant that she shall die an unfortunate death."

The girl looked outside for strawberries, but finding none, she went home angrily. And when she opened her mouth to tell her mother what had happened to her in the woods, a toad jumped out of her mouth with every word she said, so that everyone was repulsed10 by her.

The stepmother now became even more angry, and she could think of nothing else but how she could torment the man's daughter, who nonetheless grew more beautiful every day. Finally she took a kettle, set it on the fire, and boiled yarn11 in it. When it was boiled, she hung it on the poor girl's shoulder, gave her an ax, and told her to go to the frozen river, chop a hole in the ice, and rinse12 the yarn. She obeyed, went to the river and chopped a hole in the ice. While she was chopping, a splendid carriage approached, with the king seated inside.

The carriage stopped, and the king asked, "My child, who are you, and what are you doing here?"

"I am a poor girl, and I am rinsing13 yarn."

The king felt compassion14, and when he saw how very beautiful she was, he said to her, "Will you ride with me?"

"Gladly," she answered, for she was happy to get away from the mother and sister.

So she got into the carriage and rode away with the king. When they arrived at his palace their wedding was celebrated15 with great pomp, just as the little men had promised the girl.

A year later the young queen gave birth to a son, and when the stepmother heard of her good fortune, she came with her daughter to the palace, pretending that she wanted to pay her a visit. But when the king went out, and no one else was present, the wicked woman seized the queen by the head, and her daughter seized her by the feet, and lifting her out of her bed, they threw her out the window into the stream that flowed by.

After that the ugly daughter lay down in the bed, and the old woman covered her up over her head. When the king returned and wanted to speak to his wife, the old woman said, "Quiet. Quiet. You cannot talk to her now. She has a very high fever. You must let her rest today."

The king suspected no evil, and did not return until the next morning. As he then talked with his wife, and she answered him, a toad jumped out with every word, whereas previously16 a piece of gold had fallen out. When he asked what was the matter, the old woman said that it came from her high fever, and that she would soon lose it.

During the night the kitchen boy saw a duck swimming along the gutter17, and it said, "King, what are you doing? Are you awake or are you asleep?"

Receiving no answer, it said, "What are my guests doing?"

Then the kitchen boy answered, "They are fast asleep."

She asked further, "What is my little baby doing?"

He answered, "He is sound asleep in his cradle."

Then, in the form of the queen, she went upstairs, nursed the baby, fluffed up his cover, tucked him in, and then she swam off through the gutter as a duck.

She came in the same manner for two nights. On the third night, she said to the kitchen boy, "Go and tell the king to take his sword and on the threshold to swing it over me three times."

The kitchen boy ran and told this to the king, who came with his sword and swung it over the spirit three times, and after the third time, his wife was standing18 before him, vigorous, alive, and healthy, as she had been before.

The king was elated, but he kept the queen hidden in a room until the Sunday when the baby was to be baptized. At the baptism he said, "What does a person deserve who drags someone out of bed and throws him into the water?"

The old woman answered, "The scoundrel deserves nothing better than to be put into a barrel stuck full of nails, and then rolled downhill into the water."

Then the king said, "You have pronounced your own sentence."

He ordered such a barrel to be brought. The old woman and her daughter were put into it, and the top was hammered shut. Then the barrel was rolled downhill until it fell into the river. #p#

从前，有个男人死了妻子，有个女人死了丈夫。这个男人有个女儿，这个女人也有个女儿。两个小姑娘互相认识，经常一起出去散步。有一天，她们散完步后一起来到女人的家里，女人对男人的女儿说：「听着，告诉你爸爸，说我愿意嫁给他，从此你天天早晨都能用牛奶洗脸，还能喝上葡萄酒，而我自己的女儿只能用水洗脸，也只能喝清水。小姑娘回到家中，把女人的话告诉了她爸爸。男人说：「我该怎么办呢？结婚是喜事，可也会带来痛苦。他迟迟拿不定主意，最后脱下一只靴子，说：「这只靴子的底上有个洞。你把它拎到阁楼上去，把它挂在一根大钉子上，然后往里面灌些水。要是水没有漏出来，我就再娶个妻子；可要是水漏了出来，我就不娶。姑娘按她父亲所说的办了。可是水使得洞胀拢了，靴子里灌满了水也没有漏出来。她把结果告诉了她父亲，父亲又亲自上来察看，看到情况果然如此，便去向那寡妇求婚，然后举行了婚礼。

第一天早晨，两个姑娘起来后，在男人的女儿的面前果然放着洗脸的牛奶和喝的葡萄酒，而在女人的女儿的面前放着的只有洗脸的清水和喝的清水。第二天早晨，男人的女儿和女人的女儿的面前都放着洗脸的清水和喝的清水。到了第三天早晨，男人的女儿的面前放着洗脸用的清水和喝的清水，而女人的女儿的面前却放着洗脸用的牛奶和喝的葡萄酒。以后天天都是这样。那女人成了她继女的死敌，对她一天坏似一天，她还万分嫉妒她的继女，因为她的继女美丽可爱，而她自己的女儿又丑又令人讨厌。

冬天到了，一切都冻得像石头一样硬，山顶和山谷都被大雪覆盖着。一天，女人用纸做了件衣服，把她的继女叫过来，说：「听着，你穿上这件衣服，到森林里去给我採一篮草莓，我很想吃。「天哪！姑娘说，「冬天怎么会有草莓呢？地上都结了冰，大雪把一切都盖住了，再说，我怎么能穿着这身纸衣服出去呢？外面冷得连呼出的气都能冻起来。风会往这衣服里面吹，荆棘也会把它挂破的。「你敢跟我顶嘴？继母说，「你快给我去！要是没有採到一篮草莓，你就别想回来！然后她又给姑娘一小块硬梆梆的麵包，说：「这是你一天的口粮，心里却在想：「你在外面不会冻死也会饿死的，别想再回来烦我。

姑娘只好顺从地穿上纸衣服，提着篮子走了出去。外面一片冰天雪地，连一棵绿草都找不到。她来到森林里后，看到一座小房子，里面有三个小矮人在向外张望。她向他们问好，然后轻轻地敲了敲门。他们叫「进来，她便走进屋，坐在炉子旁的长凳上烤火，吃她的早饭。小矮人们说：「也分一点给我们吧。「好的，她说着便把麵包掰成两半，给了他们一半。他们问：「你大冬天穿着这身薄薄的衣服到森林里来干吗？「唉，她回答，「我得採一篮草莓，否则我就回不了家了。等她吃完麵包后，他们递给她一把扫帚，说：「去帮我们把后门的雪扫掉吧。可等她出去后，三个小矮人却商量了起来：「她这么可爱，又把麵包分给了我们，我们送她甚么好呢？第一个矮人说：「我送给她的礼物是：她一天比一天更美丽。第二个矮人说：「我送给她的礼物是：她一开口说话就吐出金子来。第三个矮人说：「我送给她的礼物是：一个国王娶她当王后。

姑娘这时正按照他们的吩咐，用扫帚把小屋后面的雪扫掉。她看到了甚么？雪下面露出了红彤彤的草莓！她高兴极了，赶紧装了满满一篮子，谢了小矮人，还和他们一一握手道别，然后带着她继母垂涎的东西跑回家去了。谁知，她进门刚说了声「晚上好，嘴里就掉出来一块金子！於是，她把自己在森林里遇到的事情讲了出来，而且每讲一句，嘴里就掉出来一块金子，弄得家里很快就堆满了金子。「瞧她那副德行！继母的女儿嚷道，「就这样乱扔金子！她心里嫉妒得要命，也渴望着到森林里去採草莓。她母亲却说：「不行，我的好女儿，外面太冷了，你会冻死的。可是她女儿缠着不放，她最后只好让步。她给女儿缝了件皮袄，硬要她穿上；然后又给她抹了黄油的麵包和蛋糕，让她带着路上吃。

这个姑娘进了森林之后，迳直向小屋走去。三个小矮人又在屋里向外张望，可是她根本不和他们打招呼，既不看他们，也不和他们说话，大摇大摆地走进屋，一屁股坐到炉子旁，吃起自己的麵包和蛋糕来。「分一点给我们吧，小矮人们说；可是她却回答：「这都不够我自己吃的，怎么能分给别人呢？等她吃完，他们又说：「这里有把扫帚，把后门的雪扫乾净。她回答：「我又不是你们的佣人。看到他们不会给她任何礼物了，她便自己冲出了屋子。三个小矮人商量道：「像她这种坏心肠的小懒鬼，又不肯施舍给别人东西，我们该送她甚么呢？第一个矮人说：「我让她长得一天比一天丑！第二个矮人说：「我让她一开口说话就从嘴里跳出一只癞蛤蟆！第三个矮人说：「我让她不得好死！姑娘在屋外找草莓，可一个也找不到，只好气鼓鼓地回家去了。她开口给母亲讲自己在森林里的遭遇，可是，她每讲一句话，嘴里就跳出来一只癞蛤蟆，把大家都吓坏了。#p#

这一来继母更是气坏了，千方百计地盘算着怎么折磨丈夫的女儿，可是这姑娘却长得一天比一天更美。终於，继母取出一只锅子，架在火堆上，在里面煮线团。线团煮过之后，她把它捞出来，搭在姑娘的肩膀上，然后又给姑娘一把斧头，让她去结冰的小河，在冰面上凿一个洞，在洞里漂洗线团。姑娘顺从地来到河边，走到河中央凿冰。她正凿着，岸上驶来了一辆华丽的马车，里面坐着国王。马车停了下来，国王问：「姑娘，你是谁？在这里干甚么？「我是个可怜的女孩，在这里漂洗线团。国王很同情她，而且又看到她长得这么美丽，便对她说：「你愿意和我一起走吗？「当然愿意啦。她回答，因为她非常高兴能离开继母和继母的女儿。姑娘坐到国王的马车上，和国王一起回到宫中。他俩立刻就举行了婚礼，正像三个小矮人许诺过的一样。一年后，年轻的王后生下了一个儿子。她的继母早已听说她交上了好运，这时也带着亲生女儿来到王宫，假装是来看王后的。可是看到国王刚出去，而且旁边又没有别人，这坏心肠的女人就抓住王后的头，她的女儿抓住王后的脚，把她从床上抬下来，从窗口把她扔进了外面的大河里。然后，继母的丑女儿躺在床上，老婆子从头到脚把她盖了起来。当国王回到房间，想和他的妻子说话的时候，老婆子叫了起来：「嘘，唬，不要打搅她，她现在正在发汗。今天不要打搅她。国王丝毫没有怀疑，一直等到第二天早晨才过来。他和妻子说话，谁知她刚开口，嘴里就跳出来一只癞蛤蟆，而不像从前那样掉出金子来。国王问这是怎么回事，老婆子便说这是发汗发出来的，很快就会好的。但是当天夜里，王宫里的小帮工看见一只鸭子从下水道里游了出来，而且听见它说：

「国王，你在做甚么？

你是睡着了还是醒着？

看到小帮工没有回答，它又说：

「我的两位客人在做甚么？

小帮工说：

「她们睡熟了。

鸭子又问：

「我的小宝宝在做甚么？

小帮工回答：

篇9

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

Once upon a time a mouse, a bird, and a sausage formed a partnership1. They kept house together, and for a long time they lived in peace and prosperity, acquiring many possessions. The bird's task was to fly into the forest every day to fetch wood. The mouse carried water, made the fire, and set the table. The sausage did the cooking.

Whoever is too well off always wants to try something different! Thus one day the bird chanced to meet another bird, who boasted to him of his own situation. This bird criticized him for working so hard while the other two enjoyed themselves at home. For after the mouse had made the fire and carried the water, she could sit in the parlor2 and rest until it was time for her to set the table. The sausage had only to stay by the pot watching the food cook. When mealtime approached, she would slither through the porridge or the vegetables, and thus everything was greased and salted and ready to eat. The bird would bring his load of wood home. They would eat their meal, and then sleep soundly until the next morning. It was a great life.

The next day, because of his friend's advice, the bird refused to go to the forest, saying that he had been their servant long enough. He was no longer going to be a fool for them. Everyone should try a different task for a change. The mouse and the sausage argued against this, but the bird was the master, and he insisted that they give it a try. The sausage was to fetch wood, the mouse became the cook, and the bird was to carry water.

And what was the result? The sausage trudged3 off toward the forest; the bird made the fire; and the mouse put on the pot and waited for the sausage to return with wood for the next day. However, the sausage stayed out so long that the other two feared that something bad had happened. The bird flew off to see if he could find her. A short distance away he came upon a dog that had seized the sausage as free booty and was making off with her. The bird complained bitterly to the dog about this brazen4 abduction, but he claimed that he had discovered forged letters on the sausage, and that she would thus have to forfeit5 her life to him.

Filled with sorrow, the bird carried the wood home himself and told the mouse what he had seen and heard. They were very sad, but were determined6 to stay together and make the best of it. The bird set the table while the mouse prepared the food. She jumped into the pot, as the sausage had always done, in order to slither and weave in and about the vegetables and grease them, but before she reached the middle, her hair and skin were scalded off, and she perished.

When the bird wanted to eat, no cook was there. Beside himself, he threw the wood this way and that, called out, looked everywhere, but no cook was to be found. Because of his carelessness, the scattered7 wood caught fire, and the entire house was soon aflame. The bird rushed to fetch water, but the bucket fell into the well, carrying him with it, and he drowned.#p#副标题#e#

从前，有一只老鼠、一只小鸟和一根香肠住在一个家里，它们和睦相处，生活充满了幸福和快乐。他们分工合作，积累不断增加，变得十分富裕。小鸟每天飞到森林里去衔柴回来；老鼠担水，生火，佈置饭桌；香肠则负责做饭。

一个人生活太顺畅，就会开始变赖，会想着法子玩新花样。有一天，小鸟遇到了另外一个朋友，它向朋友很自豪谈起自己生活的惬意现状。那只鸟却嘲笑它是一个可怜的傻瓜，说它辛辛苦苦在外面干活，另两个夥伴待在家里干轻松的活：老鼠每天生火、担水之后就回到自己的房间里躺下休息，到了吃饭的时候才去摆好桌椅，铺上桌布。香肠则坐在锅子旁，除了看食物烹煮的情况外，甚么事都不做。到了要吃饭的时候，只加一点油、盐就算了事，不到一分钟就干完了。小鸟听了这些话，心里很不是滋味。它飞回家，把柴担放在地上。大家和平时一样一起坐在桌子边吃饭，进餐之后又都回房睡觉，一直睡到第二天早晨起来。

还有甚么生活比这种默契、合理分工的生活更令人满意呢？

可是小鸟受了朋友的挑拨，第二天不想到森林里去了，还说自己一直在服待它们两个，做了很久的傻子，现在应该交换一下工作，家务事应该大家轮着来干。尽管老鼠和香肠苦苦劝说，讲明它们这样分工最合理，这样才可能继续维持正常的生活。但小鸟听不进去，坚持它的提议。最后，它俩只好顺着它。它们用抽籤的方式决定了这样的分工：香肠去背柴，老鼠做饭，小鸟去担水。

人要是离开了适合自己干的工作岗位时，会有甚么结果呢？

篇10

［关键词］职业教育 文化传统 关系研究

［中图分类号］G640［文献标识码］A［文章编号］1009-5349（2011）09-0162-03

职业教育是在人类社会发展历程中产生的一种社会现象。职业教育诞生于工业化的社会大生产，由于产业革命的推动和科学技术革命的发生，职业教育与广泛的社会生活特别是人类的经济生活发生了紧密的联系，因此人们往往习惯于从经济学的角度来研究职业教育，来研究其价值和作用。但我国的职业教育发展并不符合经济研究的范式，有自己的特色，很多的问题并不能单纯从经济学角度进行揭示。因而，从文化角度特别是中国文化传统的角度进行解释就显得尤为重要。进而，探寻文化与教育特别是职业教育深刻的内在联系，寻找我国职业教育进一步发展的文化动力和方向。

一、文化视野下的职业教育本质

从文化的角度来研究职业教育，首先必须把握文化的概念，但“适用于一切学科的文化概念是不存在的，文化的概念是依据于特定的学科或研究主题的。”无论是英美的实证社会学传统那样从形态学、模式论和结构论的观点来看待文化，或是德国的思辨历史哲学传统那样从发展性和动态性来看待文化都过于片面。“文化的发展在一定的历史断面总是表现为物质化或形态化的形式，即表现为特定历史时间的物质文化、制度文化和观念文化”。因此，我们在理解文化概念的时候，就必须同时兼顾到两种哲学传统的观点，既要把握文化的本质，又要注重文化的外部表现形式。

要把握文化的本质，就必须将其同人和劳动联系起来，人是通过劳动而创造文化的。劳动所创造的文化的外部表现形式是物质产品和精神产品。同时，人在创造这些物质产品和精神产品过程中也创造着自身，丰富着自己本身的力量和发展着自身与社会的各种关系。因此，文化的本质即是“人的本质的展现和形成的原因”。人通过劳动创造了文化、创造了人――发展了的人。但是文化一旦被创造出来，便成为一种独立于人的力量，成为人从事新的文化创造的制约因素，形成了人与文化的矛盾。而造成这种矛盾关系的并不仅仅是人类的物质生产实践活动，而主要是从人类的物质生产实践活动中分化出来的特殊实践活动――教育实践活动在起作用。因为教育实践活动一方面把前人创造的文化成果传承下来，使人类文化不致中断，并使其作为人们从事新的文化创造的基础；另一方面，它又使人简捷地获得前人的文化成果，发展人的文化创造力。这就是说，从发展的角度来看，如果没有教育，便不会形成文化与人的矛盾，也不会实现文化与人的统一。因此，“文化―人―教育”构成了一种特殊的关系，文化对教育的制约以及教育对文化的选择都是通过人为纽带的，因而教育与文化并不是直接作用的关系，教育是在文化与人的对立统一关系中起作用。

对于职业教育更是如此。职业教育根植于技术哲学，不仅具有教育属性还具有职业属性，因此职业教育不仅是构成教育和文化之间矛盾的因素之一，也是构成技术文化和教育之间矛盾的主要因素，而其作用的展现正是通过对人的影响得以实现的。技术文化对人的深刻影响不仅会限制技术水平的发展，也会限制职业教育的发展；职业教育对人的强力作用不仅会促进技术的提升，也会影响技术文化的传播与发展。因此，文化视野下职业教育的本质是传承和创造技术文化，促进人的技术技能提升。

二、文化传统与职业教育的相互作用

很多人将影响和制约我国职业教育发展的文化因素归结为以儒家伦理道德思想为核心的传统文化。这种认识中，中国传统文化一语的核心是文化，认为文化造成了对职业教育的直接影响，但文化并不能直接对教育造成影响，而是通过对人的作用间接影响职业教育的发展，具体影响人们对职业教育的选择、对职业教育产品――技术技能型人才的认可和对技术技能型工作的关注和理解等。我国著名的文化学者庄锡昌等认为：“文化的基本的核心由两部分组成，一是传统（即从历史上得到并选择）的思想，一是与他们有关的价值。”那么，影响我国职业教育发展的到底是文化中的传统还是其价值呢？（此处，“价值”并不是指经济学领域的劳动价值或商品价值，而是人类对于自我发展的本质发现、创造与创新的要素本体，包括任意的物质形态，也就是我们常说的“价值观”中的价值。）人创造自我世界的一切发展即有价值，价值的核心本质内涵是自由人。所以，文化中的“价值”的核心是人，只能产生对人的影响，而这样的影响的结果也只能限定在人的主观世界中，对社会整体的影响是有限的，因为不同人对价值的主观理解是不同的。因此，影响职业教育的应是文化中内涵的人民选择的文化传统。

在文化传统这个术语中，传统是个中心词，文化是用来限定传统的，即传统是表述某种事物的概念，而不是用来表达时间的概念。由此可以看出文化传统是指在人类的社会文化生活中逐渐形成，并作为历史遗产代代传递、积累保存下来，直到现在还在产生影响的文化特质、文化模式和文化要素的结合体。这种传统一经形成，便具有相对的稳定性。文化传统强调的是传统文化背后的精神连接，是活在现实中的文化，具有动态流向。美国社会学家希尔斯指出：“它(传统)至少要持续三代人――无论长短――才能成为传统。”文化传统当然存在于传统社会的文化现象中，但它更多的是指这些文化现象所隐含的规则、理念、秩序和所包含的信仰。它们融汇于教育活动过程之中，制约着教育活动的方方面面。正如斯宾格勒所说：“一定社会特有的文化传统渗透于社会生活的各个方面，强烈的制约着教育过程的进行和人们养育子女的方式。”

（一）文化传统对职业教育的影响

教育是一种传承与延续文化的活动，文化传统作为人类创造所有文化成果中最具有生命力的文化的精粹，必然要对教育活动及其活动传统的形成产生显著的作用。文化传统对职业教育的影响主要体现在以下几个方面：

1.文化传统影响职业教育的价值观。文化传统作为一个民族独特的认识和把握世界的方式，有着自己固定的行为规范与思维方式，体现着独特的民族心理和经验。从广义上说，中国文化传统不但包括以儒家文化为核心并以文字符号所表达的政治、法律、哲学、文学、艺术等意识形态，还包括中国传统的生活方式、行为方式、思维方式以及价值追求。中国几千年的教育重视道德发展和人格完善，轻视主体对物质世界的探求。我国的教育传统是依靠道德的完善使人在社会生活、政治活动诸领域实现自己的主体价值，有才无德是决然难以被接受的。职业教育的价值追求也就更多地注重于职业道德的培养和对职业的归属感。因此，职业教育本应拥有的实利性的价值追求在我国是没有的。

我国传统教育奉行“文以载道”，极少涉及自然现象及科学技术方面的问题，至多只是按照“技进于道”的文化观念教育学生从自然现象与规律中悟出人生之道，而“技”本身不足为道，是“奇技巧”。因此，我国职业教育自身发展的土壤是没有的，我国现代意义上的职业教育完全是照搬西方学制的产物。假使中国没有被西方列强打开国门，一直维系着自身的发展，也不可能从本土诞生出以技艺发展和价值追求为核心的职业教育的。

2.文化传统决定职业教育的内容。一定的社会制度决定着一定的文化基础，而一定文化基础又决定着职业技术教育的内容。科学技术知识和经济价值追求是职业技术教育内容的重要方面，然而在我国的文化传统中，“道”与“术”本来就是相互独立的范畴，“道”中不包括“术”的成分，这样“道”才可以“驭术”。因此传统教育观念重视文化历史和道德伦理方面的知识，而轻视自然科学和生产技术。从汉代的取士制度到隋唐的科举制度，都是注重道德伦理和法律文化方面的理论知识，忽略了科学技术和实际操作。职业教育的内容仍深受这种理念的影响，侧重于向学生传授理论的东西，强调知识的传授，忽视操作技能的培养，而职业教育的显著特点恰恰就是其职业性和实践性。

3.文化传统限定职业教育的方式。中国文化传统中蕴含的思维更多地涉及精神层面的抽象，而不注重那些形式逻辑的辩论。因此，中国文化传统中的思维更多的是一种经验式思维，它倾向于对感性经验作抽象的整体把握，而不是对经验事实作具体的概念分析；它重视对感性经验的直接超越，因而缺少概念的确定性和明晰性，强调直觉思维而不善逻辑性的思维操作。而职业教育作为一门专门的技术技能教育，以实践性操作为主，强调的恰恰是逻辑性的思维操作，因此我国的职业教育不能充分重视操作技能的培养也来源于此。我国的职业技术教育在其教学组织、教学方法及个性发展等方面都打着我国文化传统的烙印。

4.文化传统影响职业教育的社会地位。中国的文化传统更多的强调教育的选拔功能，通过各种选拔性的考试进行筛选，把人们分配到不同等级的学校、单位甚至赋予不同的社会地位。“学而优则仕”和“劳心者治人，劳力者治于人”的传统观念的影响下，人们通常把科学家、企业家、高级干部、工程师、教授以及医生等称为“人才”，是“劳心”之人；而把普通工人、农民以及营业员等称为“劳动力”，是“劳力”之人。社会上许多用人单位也常以学历、文凭作为选拔、聘用人才的标准，由于学历、文凭的标准要求较高，许多职业院校毕业生参与竞聘时，往往连竞聘工作岗位的“入门证”都难以取得。因此，社会认同感在很大程度上影响了职业院校的生源，从而影响了中国职业教育的健康发展。

（二）职业教育对文化的作用

文化传统通过作用于人来间接影响教育，教育并不选择和传播文化传统，而是继承了文化的价值，选择并传播创新过了的新的文化。这一切都是通过对人的教育而实现的。一方面，教育使人适应文化，使人得到发展，又使文化适应人，使之不至于成为人发展的障碍。另一方面，教育所培养的人，又创造出更复杂、更高深的文化成果。教育实现了文化与人的双向建构，即用文化完善人，又通过人来丰富文化，从而发展了文化与人的内涵。职业教育根植于技术哲学与技术文化，它使人适应的是实用性的技术文化，发展人的技能水平；同时，又使人通过自身的技术技能创造出新的技术，发展新的技能，更新技术文化。职业教育对文化的具体作用方式主要表现为：选择和批判；传承和传播；适应和创新。

1.职业教育对文化的选择和批判。文化选择是文化变迁和文化发展过程中所产生的一种重要的文化现象，表现为对某种文化的自动撷取或排斥。职业教育对文化的选择应是技术性的、实用性的、功利性的；与之对比，普通教育对文化的选择是经验性的、理论性的、非功利性的。简单地说，技术的发展是先有需求再有创新，科学的发展是先有研究再有应用。文化批判则是职业教育按照自身的价值目标和理想追求，对社会现实的文化状况进行分析，做出肯定性或否定性的评价，引导社会文化向健康方向发展。职业教育对文化的选择和批判不仅能够增强技术文化在社会文化中的地位，而且能够设立职业教育发展的文化前提。由于在中国本土并没有诞生自己的职业教育，就缺失了职业教育对社会文化的选择和批判，中国的传统文化中完全是“道”的世界，“术”为末次，这样的文化氛围的形成就是由于职业教育的缺位造成的。技术、实用、功利以至经济思想在我国及其匮乏，严重制约着社会发展。

2.职业教育对文化的传承和传播。文化的形成与该地区、民族、国家的文化传统有着紧密的联系，正如鲁迅所分析的：“新的阶级及其文化，并非突然从天而降，大抵是发达于对于旧支配者及其文化的反抗中，亦发达于和旧者的对立中，所以新文化仍然有所承传，于旧文化也仍然有所择取。”职业教育在传递社会文化的过程中，形成了自身关于教育目的、价值、功能和内容选择的基本认识，从而决定了职业教育的不同形态及其在不同地区或国家的不同发展。职业教育在传承文化过程中也不是一成不变的简单复制，它可以结合现实和社会需求使文化增殖并加以传播，特别是职业教育对技术文化传播和改造的作用是无法取代的。

3.职业教育对文化的适应和创新。职业教育对社会文化发展的适应，既是一种目标，也是一个过程，是发展过程中的动态适应。就目标意义的适应来说，它是社会文化发展所要求的，也是职业教育所力求达到的，并且在达到阶段性的适应目标后又在新的基础上产生不适应；就作为过程意义的适应来说，在某一历史时期，职业教育往往表现出一定的“时间差”，即职业教育与社会文化的发展保持着一定的距离。教育的文化创造功能在社会文化的形成中发挥着重要作用，各类教育都具有一定的文化创造功能，特别是高等教育创造高层次深含义的科学文化的作用是无法被取代的。人类的生活离不开科学技术，但科学是根植于学术体系的，科学的发展是不能发展技术文化的；而技术是根植于工作体系的，技术的发展不仅能够繁荣和促进社会文化的实用性，为生产力的提高和社会经济的发展提供动力，而且能够促进人的全面发展。因此，职业教育对社会文化的发展和创新也是其他教育所不能代替的。

中国今天的文化同历史上的文化传统一脉相承，在人们的思维中仍然残留有文化传统中重伦理、轻自然的习惯，职业教育在社会中的地位还未受到应有的重视，社会民众轻视甚至鄙视职业技术教育的心理还很普遍。所以中国职业教育发展需要经历一个艰难的过程，因为其涉及深层的文化因素。

【参考文献】

[1]张应强.文化视野中的高等教育[M].南京:南京师范大学出版社,1999.

[2]庄锡昌等.多维视野中的文化理论[M].浙江:浙江人民出版社,1987.

[3]尤伟,刘玉杰.论传统文化与技术文化的冲突[J].职业教育研究,2008(1):22-23.