四级写作范文
时间:2023-04-06 07:40:22
导语:如何才能写好一篇四级写作,这就需要搜集整理更多的资料和文献,欢迎阅读由公务员之家整理的十篇范文,供你借鉴。
篇1
吹牛与说谎本是同宗。
a bully is always a coward.
色厉内荏。
a burden of ones choice is not felt.
爱挑的担子不嫌重。
a candle lights others and consumes itself.
蜡烛照亮别人,却毁灭了自己。
a cat has 9 lives.
猫有九条命。
he is not fit to command others that cannot command himself.
正人先正己。
he is not laughed at that laughs at himself first.
自嘲者不会让人见笑。
he is wise that is honest.
诚实者最明智。
he knows most who speaks least.
大智若愚。
he laughs best who laughs last.
谁笑到最后,谁笑得最好。
he sets the fox to keep the geese.
引狼入室。
he that climbs high falls heavily.
爬得越高,摔得越重。
he that will not work shall not eat.
篇2
句型不搭配是大学英语四级考试中写作的一个禁忌,考生必须要知道一些重点句型的搭配。小编为大家精心准备了英语四级写作重点句型大全,欢迎大家前来阅读。
大学英语四级写作的10种句型搭配
1."may as well not…as"结构,此结构可译为"与其……不如不……"。
One may as well not know a thing at all as know it but imperfectly.
2. "have only to …do"结构,此结构表示"只须(消)……就能……"的意思。
We have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery made by Edison to see the significance of it.
3. "not (no) …unless…"句型
No increase in output can be expected unless a new assembly line is installed.
4. "better…than…"句型
Better my life should be ended by their hate, than that hated life should be prolonged to live without your love.
5. "as it were"是一个非常常用的插入语,意思是"好象","可以说"等。
A piece of iron near a magnet, though apparently separate from it , feels, as it were, the threads of this attachment.
6. 复杂结构,在下面例句中,由于anyone的定语从句过长,把谓语must realize提到定语从句之前。
Though faith and confidence are surely more or lass foreign to my nature, I do not infrequently find myself looking to them to be able, diligent, candid, and even honest. Plainly enough, that is too large an order, as anyone must realize who reflects upon the manner in which they reach public office.
7. "not…any more than…"为:"不能……,正如不能……"。
One cannot learn to sketch and express himself graphically only by reading about it any more than one can learn to swim while standing by the pool.
8. "By that as it may"是"Let it be that as it may"的省略形式,是由"be"引起的另外一种假设结构,意思是"虽然如此,尽管这样"。
It is said that the nerve poison is the more primitive of the two, that the blood poison is, so to speak, a new product from an improved formula. Be that as it may, the nerve poison does its business with man far more quickly than the blood poison.
9. "if at all"是一个由"if"引起的主谓结构不完整的短句结为"即将……","即使……"等。
I can see only with great difficulty, if at all.
10. 由there引起的句型容易产生复杂的句子结构.
There have been opened up to the vast and excellent science, in which my work is the beginning, ways and means by which other minds more accurate than wine will explore its remote corners.
英语四级写作的技巧
第一点:
首先大家要清楚一般作文的给分分为0分,2分,5分,8分,11分和14分这几段。所以给改卷老师的第一印象很重要,可以直接影响给分的分段。那么怎么样能给老师一个很好的印象?大家首先一定要注意自己的书写工整干净,还有一定要写出一个清楚的三段式。如果写一段最多得到4-5分,如果写了两段最多也只能得到6-7分。所以作文的框架和书写是让老师给你一个不错分值段的关键之关键。
第二点:
做好了上面的要求之后,改卷老师就会重点看这三个地方,在第一段的最后一到两句话有没有清楚地给出文章的中心句。接着就会看文章的主题第二段有没有清楚的次观点来支持说明文章的中心句,这时还会重点找一些连接词和过渡词,他们使支持次观点从结构上清楚的展现。最后就会看最后一段的句首部分有没有表示文章结束的过渡词和对文章观点的再次陈述。在这个部分就要求大家一定要对作文的常考形式说明文,议论文还有书信这几中问题最起码的结构要很清楚,怎么开始,怎么写主体部分,怎么结论要一个很好的结构了解。
第三点:
老师在改卷的时候会重点注意句子语法错误,所以大家一定尽量少的语法错误。即使句子简单,只要错误少,也能得到不错的分数。还有如果可能的话可以用一些短语,比较好的词来换掉一些比较普通词语,这样也能提高分数。但是如果大家对这些词没把握的话,就最好用自己熟悉的词,即使很简单也没很大的关系。
总之,如果大家要取得更好的成绩,最快最好的方式就是要注意自己文章的书写以及整体文章的清楚结构,即使不会使用很多不错的词组和短语,也达到不错的效果。
英语四级写作常用词汇
reflect v. 反映,表现,显示
demonstrate v. 证明,表明
suggest v. 建议;暗示
develop v. 发展,进步
adjust v. 调整,适应
prosper v. 繁荣,成功
suppose v. 假设,推想
strive for… 争取,奋斗
remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事
succeed in doing sth. 成功地做某事
be divided into… 被划分为……
篇3
论文摘要:英语写作是衡量学生英语综合水平和应用能力的一个重要指标。英语写作能力的提高不仅需要学生自身平时的刻苦训练,而且需要社会、学校和老师各个环节的密切配合。文章重点就大学英语四级写作的充实性原则进行了研究和分析。
大学英语写作是一种语言技能,是衡量学生英语综合水平和应用能力的一个重要指标。但当前的大学英语教学对写作的重要性还不够重视,写作成为学生英语技能中最薄弱的环节。作文好坏直接影响整个卷面成绩,针对这种现象,许多专家、学者从各方面找原因。笔者从学生在写作中存在的问题入手,寻找原因,探索其对策,目的在于提高学生英语写作能力,使学生真正达到书面交际的目的。
1我国大学英语写作现状
我国大学生过多地把精力放在听力和阅读能力的训练上,而忽略了写作能力的培养。在大学英语四、六级考试中,写作始终是学生的难点,从全世界的雅思考试成绩来看,中国考生的写作成绩一直处于世界最低的水平。
2大学四级写作的要求和规定
为适应我国高等教育发展的新形势,深化教学改革,提高教学质量,满足新时期国家和社会对人才培养的需要,教育部高等教育司于2004颁布了最新版的《高校英语专业四级考试大纲》,并对专业四级写作做了如下要求和规定:(1)测试目的:按照英语专业基础阶段英语教学大纲的要求,检查学生在基础阶段末期的英语写作能力。(2)题型:主观试题,分为section a和section b两个部分。(3)测试要求: a.作文。b.写便条。考试时间10分钟。为了帮助学生在写作时达到上述要求,笔者将充实性原则引入英语专业四级写作中。
3四级写作的充实性原则
首先,教师可通过分析和教授学生大学四六级作文应试策略,帮助学生克服心理障碍和增加学生写作的自信心。只要将教师教授的写作技巧和策略联系实践、合理科学的改进,作文水平一定可以提高。其次,增加词汇量,如何增加学生的词汇量?这个问题似乎太难了,但是如果学生能积累一些无论哪篇作文都可以用上的单词,而且是高级词汇,即所谓的作文上的“万能单词”,学生应该就不会感觉到它的艰难了。例如,在第一段陈述观点时,都出现“如今”,“现在”,“目前”等时间状语,我们可以用“for the time being/currently”将“nowadays”或者“at present”甚至“now”予以替换。在最后一段表示具体做法时,有3篇作文都用了“为了……,应该……”这个句型,很多同学可能都会用“in order to…, should…”,但是我们可以在此基础上用上同学们在新视野大学英语中已学比较高级的表达法,即:for the sake of…, are supposed to…。 6篇作文都需要表达个人看法,所以我们可以掌握“as far as i’m concerned,/personally speaking,/for my point of view”将“i think,/in my opinion”甚至“i see”予以替换。几乎所有的话题都需学生表达事物的两面性;因此,具备些关于优点,缺点,好处,问题等的词汇也是很有必要的, benefit, contribute, beneficial, essential, indispensable, detrimental, advantage, merit, disadvantage, demerit, shortcoming,issue,etc.“许多”表达法,通常同学都是用 “many,/a lot of”,而我们学过很多表达‘许多’的词汇,比如,“considerable, numerous, a diversity of ”。其实,这个增加词汇量的过程就相当于一个替换过程。在四六级作文选词中,学生有意识地将新学的高级词汇替代初高中的简单词汇,如此一来,就解决了词汇匮乏,英语水平低下的问题了。
最后,句型是否多样化。由于受中式思维的影响,同学们经常在组织句子的时候习惯用,‘主语+谓语+宾语’的结构;显然,如果12个句子都用这种单一结构,评卷老师会产生学生句型匮乏的印象。因此,我们要从句型多样化的目标着手,以下句型为参考给句子润色和修饰。第一,在英语的表达中,被动语态的表达很常见,故我们也可在这12个句子中用被动语态来表达,显得地道和专业,也不会让老师觉得学生的英语chinglish的印象了。如果同学还觉得用被动语态表达有困难,那么可将自己写好的一个主动句子用be done的结构改写为被动句子。第二个推荐句型,用it’s +adj. for sb. to do sth. 的句型,刚好可以把前面比较高级的形容词用上。第三,同谓语从句,we can’t deny the fact that… /it’s go beyond doubt that /there is no doubt that 第四: 强调句,区分一个句子是否是强调句,应将it’s …who/that去掉,句子的结构仍是完整的。既然如此,那么我们在一个陈述句里加上上面的结构就变成了强调句,而且不影响原来的句子。第五,定语从句的使用。如果可以用到谚语的话,还可以用以下结构:as an old saying goes, we should seize every chance before it pulls away from us.(机不可失,时不再来)。最后,倒装句,宾语从句等也可以选择性使用。
4结束语
学生提高写作能力,要想在四级考试中作文取得高分,不是一朝一夕的事情,要经过教师和学生长期不懈的共同努力才能获得。如果学生们在平时多下功夫,在日常的学习中努力积累知识,多学多练打下牢固的基础,在考试中讲究写作技巧,正如一句英语言语所讲:practice makes perfect. 考生一定能够发挥出水平,润色出高质量高分数的文章来。
参考文献:
篇4
对任何技能的掌握都需要一生的刻苦操练。
2、Sweat is the lubricant of success.
汗水是成功的剂。
3、If you are doing your best,you will not have to worry about failure.
如果你竭尽全力,你就不用担心失败。
4、Energy and persistence conquer all things.
能量和坚持可以征服一切事情。
5、Bravery never goes out of fashion.
勇敢永远不过时!
6、Those who turn back never reach the summit.
回头的人永远到不了最高峰!
7、Proper preparation solves 80 percent of life's problems.
适当的准备能解决生活中80%的问题。
8、Winners do what losers don't want to do.
胜利者做失败者不愿意做的事!
9、Every noble work is at first impossible.
每一个伟大的工程最初看起来都是不可能做到的!
10、We improve ourselves by victories over ourselves. There must be contests, and we must win.
我们通过战胜自己来改进自我。 那里一定有竞赛,我们一定要赢!
11、Speech is the image of actions.
语言是行动的反映。
12、It is always morning somewhere in the world.
世界上总是有某个地方可以看到阳光。
13、If you do not learn to think when you are young, you may never learn. ( Edison )
如果你年轻时不学会思考,那就永远不会。(爱迪生)
14、Anger begins with folly, and ends in repentance.
愤怒以愚蠢开始,以后悔告终。
15、Talents come from diligence, and knowledge is gained by accumulation.
天才在于勤奋,知识在于积累。
16、The greater the man, the more restrained his anger.
人越伟大,越能克制怒火。
17、If there were less sympathy in the world, there would be less trouble in the world. ( O. Wilde )
如果世界上少一些同情,世界上也就会少一些麻烦。(王尔德)
18、All lay load on the willing horse.
人善被人欺,马善被人骑。
19、Strike the iron while it is hot.
趁热打铁。
篇5
英语资源网权威2016年6月英语四级写作应用文模板:感谢信,更多2016年6月英语四级写作应用文模板相关信息请访问英语资源网。 Dear_________,
I am writing this letter to express my sincere gratitude for___________.Had it not been for your assistance in ___________,I fear that ___________may not have____________.I’d like you to know that your help __________.It not only____________,but also__________.I shall always remember__________.
I hope that I will have the opportunity of returning your hospitality by inviting you to ______.Will you kindly let me know whether you____________?I am looking forward to seeing you soon!
Again,I would like to express my thanks to .Please accept my appreciatin and pass my best wishes on to ____________.I hope to hear from you soon.
Yours,
篇6
doc文档可能在WAP端浏览体验不佳。建议您优先选择TXT,或下载源文件到本机查看。作业范文解析 Is Failure a Bad Thing Different people hold different attitudes toward failure. Someone regards failure as a heavy strike, after which he or she may lose heart and give up all efforts. Others could never take failure seriously. They just ignore it as if nothing had happened. In my opinion, both attitudes are wrong.( 引出论点) First of all, people who regard failure as a heavy blow can hardly become successful.(提出第一分论点, 指出那 些视失败为大敌的人很难成功)Those people are more likely to give up all efforts once encountering difficulties. In other words, they will give up all hopes and endeavors to pursue success and will in turn be abandoned by it. Success means a continuous effort and a growing confidence in one’s belief. Just as the old saying goes, “God will help those who help themselves”. So if a person treats failure in a positive attitude, he will conquer these difficulties. Secondly, those who are light-hearted with failure can hardly become successful either, because they don’t know how to accumulate experiences from their failure. (提出第二分论点, 指出那些忽视失败的
人也很难成功,因为他们不懂得从失败中吸取经验教 训)If they choose to ignore a failure instead of thinking about it carefully, they would not be able to find out what is really wrong. Under such circumstances, failure will ultimately result in another failure. A right attitude to failure is to face it positively, draw a lesson from it and then find out reasonable solutions to solve the problem in order to avoid the same mistake again. (提出第三分论 点,指出对待失败的正确态度是积极面对失败,并从 中吸取教训,以避免重蹈覆辙) In this way, one could always be energetic and be nearer to success. From the above analysis, we can conclude that failure is a test to human. It’s a stumbling block for the timid, but a steppingstone for the brave. We should, therefore, take a right attitude towards failure.(总体概括并强调论 点)
第二章 问题解决型作文专项训练 第一节 写作要领 问题解决型要求考生就某种社会现象或某种问 题提出自己的解决方案, 立意在 “方法” 、 “途径” 、 “怎 么办”等,主要遵循提出问题分析原因提出解 决办法的模式 这类的作文用于专四考题中,往往以 How to?的形式 出现, 或者 One Way to?或者 The Best Way to?的 形式出现。有些却隐含在标题中,如 My Idea of a Successful Interview 隐含“怎样使面试获得成功”这 一命题,2005 年的真题 My Idea of a University Arts Festival 实际上可理解为 How to Organize a University Arts Festival If I’m in Charge. 历年真题有 2005My Idea of a University Arts Festival 2002The Best Way to Stay Healthy 1998One Way to Solve the Problem 这类命题的统一提纲模式是: 第一段:引言。 对现状、形势或困难的描述,提出问 题。 第二段:原因、途径与方法。列举做某事的途径或问 题解决的种种方法。
第三段:评价或选择。对第二段中提及的途径进行简 要评价,或选取其中一两种自己认为合适的方法、途 径,并简要阐述其依据。 模版分析 范文一 Directions: Beijing has enacted a new citywide public smoking ban since May 1,2008. The new regulation extends the smoking ban to more public venues and indoor areas in medical facilities, elementary, secondary and primary schools, museums, business halls, public
transportation, cultural heritage sites, and sports venues and fitness centers. What do you think is the best way to fight with smoking?
Nowadays, public smoking has become a matter of concern. Many passersby are reluctant to inhale the smoke from the smokers around them. The governments have tried many ways to ban smoking in public, but the result is not satisfying. A new citywide smoking ban has been released recently in Beijing. It is said that people could not smoke at public places like sports venues,
medical facilities, schools, cultural heritages sites and etc. I fully agree with this regulation because I think it is the most effective way to fight against smoking now in China. The benefits for my idea can be generalized to two major ones. First of all, banning smoking in public protects the health of nonsmokers. As everyone knows, smoking is harmful to one’s health. It causes many diseases such as lung cancer. Smokers, of course, should take the full responsibility for their voluntary choice. However, it is not fair for nonsmokers when they have to bear the smell of smoke and later the diseases caused by others’ smoking. Another benefit is that it deters kids from becoming smokers. These regulations are basically sending a message that smoking in public places is no longer socially acceptable, and it decreases the appeal of smoking to adolescents. Kids’ perceptions of how many people are smoking are a major factor for them to decide whether they’ll smoke. In my view, the smoking ban will be the best method to reduce smoking.
常用句式 一、 列出现象句型 1. Recently the problem of? has been concerned by plenty of people./ Nowadays, people are beginning to realize that?/ When asked about?, most people would?/ According to a recent survey?/Many experts point out that?/ An investigation shows that? 2. There is no denying the fact that?/ With the rapid development of?more and more people?/One of the burning problems confronting our society today is?/ ? is one of the most important issue in the world at present./ If we are blind to the problem? 3. It is true that?/ People think of ?. as?/ It is horrifying to think?/ It is quite safe to say?/ Much is said about?/It seems quite likely.. 二、 概述方法句型 1. The best way to ? is?/ One of the most effective way to solve this problem is?/ In order to solve this problem, we should?/ The phenomenon has aroused public attention to?/ ? effective measures should be
taken? 2. Several factors affect heavily?/ The task demands immediate attention?/But the cause for the problem go far deeper./ There is no easy method to the problem./ Proper measures must be taken?. 三、 详细策略句型 1. First of all, we should?. Secondly?.Last but not least?/In the first place?.Secondly?. 2. Most importantly, we should?./ According to?.we should?./ General attitude toward?is that?/ The issue should be approached in a new way?/ As is evidenced?/ Moreover, if ?/ Another method is?/ Furthermore? 四、 总结概括句型 1. In sum, in order to solve the problem, we should?/ From what has been discussed above, we may come to the conclusion that?/ Taking into account all these factors, we may draw the conclusion that../ We may have a long way to go before?.
便条写作
写作要领 便条是一种简便的非正式的信函,主要作用是传递消 息、通知、提出邀
请、表达感谢、征询意见等。 鉴于便条的评分标准有格式、内容、语言以及语言得 体性四个方面。 第一 格式固定 四个部分:第一是日期;第二是称谓;第三是便 条主题;第四是署名,缺一不可。 常见问题忘记写日期、导致不必要的失分。 第二 信息明确 从内容上来讲,便条内容要明确,例如邀请类便 条的时间、地点和事由必须很明确、不写或漏写都会 导致失分。 第三 语言通俗 语言一般通俗易懂,接近口语,所以要避免过于书 面化的语言。例如 We are greatly honored to write to you. Having been living on the campus for a whole year, we have happily witnessed the great changes here.中,用 了非谓语动词作为时间状语的复杂结构 Having been living on the campus for a whole year, 这是正式的语 言结构,但是对便条不需那么正式。 第四 内容得体 从语言得体性上来讲,便条的语言
要区分对象,使用不同的礼貌语言。 写便条的目的是利用简洁的非正规的书面语解决 实际生活中的问题,如拒绝、感谢等。因此,考生面 对便条写作,必须仔细审题,明确考题要求,即能够 回答这样的问题我是谁,便条的收件人是谁,我希 望收件人看了便条后了解什么, 去做什么, 怎样去做? 便条主要考的是“特定的格式,特定的句式,特 定的内容” 特定的格式和特定的句式基本上是 。 “约定 俗成”的,写生必须“了然于胸” 。至于特定的内容, 便条写作中的提示是至关重要的。提示限定了便条写 作的内容和对象, 增加或遗漏内容都导致失分, 因此, 认真阅读提示并按提示要求来写便条是高分的最基本 前提。 第一邀请类 邀请类便条内容包括宴会、舞会、晚餐、聚会、婚礼 等,形式上分为正式和非正式。一般在专四考试中为 一般的形式,书写时有以下要求: 1、 时间、 地点和场合一定要清楚, 不能让对方有 疑问。时间一定要写明年月日并精确到时刻,以 保证被邀请者能够安排好时间。场合也一定要写 清楚。 2、 语言要注意礼貌用语, 以表尊敬。 如写给同辈,用语可相对轻松,如写给长辈或上级,用语则要 正式、礼貌。 内容包括: 1、 诚挚邀请对方参加某一活动。 2、 概括介绍活动的内容和安排。 3、 再次表示诚意。 注意事项:
1、 在纸张的右上方注明日期。 2、 另起一行,在最左边写称呼。根据两者之间的关 系,写着合适的称呼。 3、 下一行空两格写主体, 要注明什么时间在哪里有 什么事情发生,然后询问被邀请者能否参加。 4、 最后在右下方署名。 邀请类便条的四步: 1. 告知 There will be?We have held? I want to tell you that?. 2. 解释 in the Beijing Grand Theater tomorrow evening 3. 询问 If you are interested in it 4. 确认 Please let me know whether you are prevented from coming or not. 范文解析
1. Your friend Mary interests in musical performance very much. Occasionally you have got two admission cards to the Italian National Band’s performance. Tell her the exact time, place and other details. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.
July 1 Dear Mary, The Italian National Band will give a performance in the Beijing Grand Theater tomorrow evening. I think you may like to watch it. If you are interested in it, I will leave you an admission card. The performance will begin at seven o’clock sharp. If you come with me, I will wait for you at the theatre entrance. Please let me know whether you are prevented from coming or not.
John 范文 2
May 5, 2009 Dear Mrs. Li, We should be very much pleased if you and Mr. Li would dine with us on Wednesday at 7 o’clock.(诚挚 邀请对方参加晚宴)It will be quite a small party, as we have only asked Mr and Mr. Anderson and Miss Chang Ling, all close friends of ours.(简单介绍晚宴的内容和 参加者). We trust you will be disengaged (自由的) and able to give us the pleasure of your company.(再次表示 诚意) 练习 1.
篇7
在国际商务英语应用教学的评价机制方面,大多数高职高专学院在本课程的考核中采用传统的“一考定成绩”的方式,即使在考核中加入了平时成绩,平时成绩所占比例仅为综合成绩的30%,不能充分地体现过程学习的重要性,致使学生在学习过程中对本门课程不够重视,仅将重心放在期末考试上,以此在很大程度上影响了本课程的教学。
二、提高高职国际经济与贸易专业国际商务英语应用写作教学改革的几点建议
根据高职高专人才培养目标:“大力培养高素质技能型人才”和国际经济与贸易专业的人才培养方案,并结合《高职高专教育英语教学基本要求》,笔者提出了几点关于提高高职国际经济与贸易国际商务英语应用写作能力的建议:
(一)以外贸工作流程为导向,整合现有教材,分模块教学在教材的选择上,应注重对外贸工作中文书写作能力培养,选择符合本专业的职业能力目标要求的教材。并以外贸工作流程为导向,整合现有教材,分模块教学。将学生的学习过程与外贸工作过程更好的结合起来,实现“工作即课程,课程即工作”。充分体现教师在教学中的主导作用,学生的主体地位,实现教学内容与外贸文书能力相对结。
(二)采用项目引导、任务驱动的教学模式教育部2006年颁布的《关于全面提高高等职业教育教学质量的若干意见》指出,要加大课程建设与改革力度,增强学生的职业能力,要改革教学方法和手段,融“教、学、做”为一体,强化学生职业能力的培养。在本课程的教学过程中,将外贸工作的典型工作项目贯穿于教学过程的始终,将国际商务英语应用写作和外贸知识点融入典型工作项目中。教师在授课过程中,以一个或多个典型工作项目为依托,在项目下分设几个典型工作任务,在教师的引导和指导之下完成相应的典型工作任务,并最终能将各个任务组合成一个完整的典型项目。此教学模式体现了学生职业能力的培养目标,实现学生在教中学,学中做的高职教学理念。
(三)形成性考核与终结性考核相结合在本课程的教学考核,应体现形成性考核的过程,采用形成性考核与终结性考核相结合的考核方式,考核所占比例如。
三、结语
篇8
关键词:机械工业 四大发明 思维模式 激发创新
1.思维导图概述
思维导图是由英国大脑先生东尼·伯赞创立。起初应用于阅读能力缺失和成绩差的学生的学习教育,结果这些学生的成绩阶取得班上前列[1]。后来思维导图慢慢融入于其它行业,因为思维导图符合人脑的思维模式,例如大脑的横向思维模式和发散思维模式。我们在学校接受的的教育主要是左脑的逻辑思维开发,所以我们的右脑处于荒废的状态之中。然而,要发挥大脑的无限潜能,我们需要左右脑配合使用。右脑主要负责联想与想象,联想与想象是激发创新的源泉。思维导图就是一种充分调动左右脑进行科学思维的工具[2]。关键词﹑图像和近似脑细胞的框架结构,能使我们的思维清晰,条理清楚,并且获得创新灵感!
2.思维导图应用列举:对调整法的分析
如图所示,一张思维导图即可以清楚地表示出调整法产生误差的原因以及对应的解决方法。直观,形象,条理清晰并且容易记忆。此思维导图还可以进一步拓展,能充分刺激大脑的联想与想象,科学的求证之后便是创新想法。
2.1绘制方法
思维导图就如同人的大脑细胞结构,由一个中心向四周发散,构成一个网状结构。每级主题互相关联,这种网络般的联想与想象能充分发挥大脑的潜能。(1)白纸。绘制思维导图时要使用无线条无折痕的白纸,因为线条和折痕会限制大脑的思维,失去思想的自由。并且白纸要横放,人的大脑具有一种横向的思维模式,白纸横放利于思维的延展。所以,白纸横放,从中心开始,是绘制思维导图的基本要求。(2)关键词。每个主题都用关键词表达,这样能使思路清晰。句子和短语都会是大脑陷入混杂的境地。(3)图像。每个主题都要配上一张能反映中心思想的图像。一张图像比得上几千字的笔记,同时生动有趣的图像更能活跃大脑思维,使大脑处于兴奋之中,激发新的灵感的产生。(4)颜色。要求至少使用3种以上的颜色,相邻分支颜色不能相同。颜色能使图纸生动活泼,富有色彩,有效的刺激大脑,并能吸引眼球,集中注意力。新的创新思想的产生离不开颜色。(5)线条。从头到尾,线条要贯穿,如果线条断裂,思维也会断裂。线条要使用平滑自然的曲线,直线会让大脑产生排斥感,不利于思维的进行。根据思维的延伸,线条也要由粗到细,显得更有层次感。
以上便是绘制一幅机械思维导图的要求。特别是能激发联想与想象的图像,要大胆应用夸张的手法表示一个主题,这样不仅能有效的激发大脑创造力,更能增加工作的乐趣,快乐的工作。
2.2训练
任何一种技能都要通过训练来达到熟练运用的程度。(1)归类训练。使用思维导图时,每个主题分支都要以归类的方法做出,所以思维导图能使思想有条理。图一所示二级主题就是以“原因”为类划分的5个子主题。平时可以罗列一系列机械名词,找出不同点,然后利用不同点做分类训练。(2)发散思维训练。思维导图充分利用大脑发散性思维的特点,激发创造力。列出一个机械名词,然后进行联想与想象向四周发散思考,充分利用大脑潜意识想法。因为人的表意识只有1个想法,而潜意识具有成千的想法。(3)联想与想象的训练。机械工作其实很有乐趣,充分利用想象力,把机构运动生动化,并且大胆联想。这不仅能使大脑兴奋,更能激发创新潜能。
3.总结
思维导图是一种科学的简单有效的思维工具方法,在机械工作中运用思维导图不仅能大大的提高效率,更能使我们的思路清晰更有条例。作为一个技术人员,我们不仅只是依靠所学的相关科学知识,更需要完善自我,具备科学用脑的能力。提倡创新,更要做到创新,科学的思维方法,开发大脑潜力,为机械行业做出自己的贡献。思维导图不是一成不变,要形成个人风格,这样才真的为己所用。
参考文献:
篇9
一、观察体验,在生活中挖掘素材
学生作文之所以提笔发怵,原因之一就是素材枯竭。俗话说:“巧妇难为无米之炊。”然而,文学创作来源于生活,而生活中有真情实感。有了生活的体验,就会有创作的素材和写作的激情,文章也就会有真情实感。学生写作能力的培养不能仅仅限于书本知识的积累,更多的要在实践中获得真正的知识。教师在作文指导时,应注意理论与实践的结合,并鼓励学生大胆启用这些素材,让他们用眼睛去发现、用心灵去感悟,将自己的情感融入其中。
二、品评范文,模仿中不断创新
中学生处于生长发育的最旺盛阶段,具有强烈的求知欲,一方面他们很想在这个黄金时期学到更多的知识;另一方面,还没有形成坚强的个性特征,缺乏持久的意志力,当他们遇到困难时,往往会失去信心,甚至半途而废。因此,教会学生写作文,必须首先树立起他们的自信心。老师一方面要让学生认识到“好文章是改出来的,而不是写出来的”这个道理,另一方面要鼓励学生从《语文报》《语文周报》《作文成功之路》《读写月报》等报刊上找出他们同龄人的作品,特别是同题作文,让他们在对比中明得失、知进退,并且针对不同的写作要求,使学生从基本的写作训练中尝到写文章的乐趣,树立起写作的自信心。
三、赏识鼓励,肯定中获得乐趣
心理学告诉我们:成功感是人们渴望获得的自然情感之一。老师应对学生的写作以口头或书面的方式给予积极向上、富有激励的评价。教师评改学生的作文时,无论是当面评改,还是书面批改,都要细心找到它的长处,从中发现闪光点加以肯定,给予鼓励。对学生的作文,只要他们标题拟得新颖别致或开篇简洁明快,或在行文中用了一种恰到好处的修辞,一个新颖得体的词语等,都应及时给予肯定或在讲评作文时当众赞美,或在批阅作文时不忘用笔加以表扬。这样做,肯定会使学生再接再厉、信心倍增。
四、师生同作,民主中激发兴趣
通常在学生为作文忧心忡忡、一筹莫展之时,教师总在一旁无动于衷,这种情形不利于学生写作。若教师能放下架子,敢于并乐于同学生一起作文,形成一种师生同作的氛围,定能极大地激发学生的写作热情;写完后,师生若能互相比较、品评,学生必然在写作方面兴致勃发。另一方面,教师多写下水作文,也是提高本身素质的有效方法。叶圣陶先生说过:“语文老师教学生作文,要是老师经常动动笔,或者作跟学生相同的题目,或者另外写些什么,就能更有效地帮助学生,加快学生的进步。”实践证明确实如此。
五、提供机会,展示中体验成功
篇10
贵阳的四季 The Four Seasons of Guiyang
Hello, every one! My name is Andy. My hometown is Guiyang. It is a colorful and pleasant city. In spring, the weather is warm and cool.
In summer, the weather is hot. So many people hold up an umbrella. These umbrellas look like so many flowers. The city looks like a garden.
In autumn, the weather is dry. I like autumn very much. Because I like moon cake so much. I always flow my saliva, when I think of moon cake.
In winter, it is cold, I can make a show man.
Guiyang is a beautiful city. The air temperature often is 25C. It is a trip famous scenic spot. Welcome you to Guiyang.
大家好,我的名字是安迪。我的家乡是贵阳。这是一个丰富多彩,舒适的城市。春季,天气暖且凉爽。
夏季,天气炎热。所以很多人都撑着伞,这些伞看起来像许多花朵,让城市看起来像一座花园。
秋季,天气干燥。我非常喜欢秋季,因为我非常喜欢月饼,当我想到月饼时,忍不住口水直流。
冬季,非常寒冷,我可以堆雪人。
贵阳是一座美丽的城市,气温经常是25℃。这是一个非常著名的风景区,欢迎您到贵阳。
上海的四季 The Four Seasons in Shanghai
In Shanghai, spring is the best season. It usually comes in February and March. In spring, you can see GREen trees and beautiful flowers everywhere. The weather is getting warmer but it often rains. Summer comes from May to July. It's very hot. In summer we usually have heavy rain and strong wind.Autumn is from August to October. The weather in autumn is quite warm. It seldom rains. It is the best season for tourism.From November to January is winter. It's very cold. There's ice and sometimes snow. If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
The coldest season in Shanghai is in December and January.The hottest season is in July and August.