老年医学的现状与展望范文

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老年医学的现状与展望

篇1

[关键词] 老年病学;临床见习;PBL教学

[中图分类号] G643 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2016)04(a)-0139-04

[Abstract] General practitioners are designed to develop comprehensive medical and health professionals with the knowledge and skills of general practitioners. General medical education started late in our country, and the clinical teaching method is worth exploring. Senile disease has its particularity because of chronic disease, multi system disease, and is an important part of the education of the general practitioners. The essence of the PBL teaching method is to play the issue of learning guidance, to mobilize students' initiative and enthusiasm, and to improve the students' comprehensive quality and ability, fit for geriatrics teaching in general medical students. In the process of clinical probation in the Department of Geriatrics, the teacher used "understand the problem, ask questions, analyze problems and to solve the problems " four teaching steps. Each step is student-centered and problem-based, and has achieved very good teaching effect. Application of PBL teaching method in clinical rounds in geriatrics clerkship can mobilize student initiative, self-consciousness, positive, and effectively improve the students self-learning ability, innovation ability, strong communication and collaboration skills, and cultivate the clinical thinking style and can effectively improve the graduate comprehensive clinical competence. It is worthy of popularization and application.

[Key words] Geriatrics; Clinical clerkship; Problem based learning

早在1969年,PBL教学模式由美国教授Barrows率先提出[1-2]。与传统课堂教学法相比,PBL教学法是一种新的教学理念,它以医学生为主体,以问题为基础,在辅导教师的引导下,以小组为单位进行讨论,围绕具体病例的诊治或某一医学专题,及其所涵盖的知识点进行主动学习,是一种突出培养学生自主学习和解决问题能力的启发式教学模式[3-7],尤其适合于全科医学生。全科医学是一个面向社区和家庭,整合临床医学、康复医学、预防医学以及社会人文等学科相关内容为一体的综合性医学专业学科,临床素质培养尤为重要[8]。老年人是全科医学的重点保健人群,老年人的生理和心理特征及主要健康问题是全科医学的重点问题[9-11]。理解和掌握老年医学基础知识,必将使医学生更加适应未来临床医学发展和社会发展需要,为老年人提供更好的医疗服务打下坚实的基础[12]。第四军医大学西京医院(以下简称“我院”)全科医学生在老年病科的临床见习过程中,带教老师探索应用PBL教学法,采用“认识问题、提出问题、分析问题和解决问题”四个步骤[13],在每一个步骤中,以学员为主体、以老师为主导、以任务为主线,展开小组讨论,以期取得良好的教学效果。具体实施情况如下:

1 案例病史

男性患者,76岁,以“口干、多饮、多尿20年,双眼睑及四肢水肿20天”为主诉入院。患者于20年前无明显诱因出现口干、多饮、多尿,就诊于当地医院检查发现血糖高,空腹血糖为14 mmol/L,餐后血糖为19 mmol/L,诊断为2型糖尿病,给予“消渴丸”口服,后间断口服“二甲双胍”等药物治疗,血糖控制欠佳。20 d前患者出现双眼睑及四肢水肿,当地医院给予利尿剂治疗,患者四肢水肿无明显减轻。患者入院前无明显多食、乏力、消瘦,无视物模糊,无腹泻便秘交替、手足麻木刺痛,以及活动后无胸痛、气短,今为进一步诊治,门诊以“糖尿病”收入院。自发病以来,精神萎靡,饮食睡眠尚可,大便正常,体力较前下降。患者无高血压、高脂血症、高尿酸血症等病史。父亲、兄弟均患有糖尿病。

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